Nginx平滑升级的详细操作方法
一、平滑升级概述Nginx方便地帮助我们实现了平滑升级。其原理简单概括,就是:
(1)在不停掉老进程的情况下,启动新进程。
(2)老进程负责处理仍然没有处理完的请求,但不再接受处理请求。
(3)新进程接受新请求。
(4)老进程处理完所有请求,关闭所有连接后,停止。
这样就很方便地实现了平滑升级。一般有两种情况下需要升级Nginx,一种是确实要升级Nginx的版本,另一种是要为Nginx添加新的模块。
二.、升级过程
具体的操作也很简单,如下:
(0)查看当前版本
在存放Nginx的可执行文件的目录下输入:
复制代码代码如下:
./nginx -V (1)下载新的Nginx版本并编译。
复制代码代码如下:
wget nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.0.11.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.0.11
./configure --add-module=/customized_module_0 --add-module=/customized_module_1
make 注意不要进行make install
(2)备份老版本的可执行文件
复制代码代码如下:
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
sudo cp nginx nginx.old (3)修改配置文件
如果有必要的话,进行配置文件的修改。
(4)拷贝新的可执行文件
复制代码代码如下:
sudo cp /home/michael/tmp/nginx-1.0.11/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ (5)升级
复制代码代码如下:
cd /home/michael/tmp/nginx-1.0.11
make upgrade (6)清理多余文件
复制代码代码如下:
rm -rf /home/michael/tmp/nginx-1.0.11 (7)查看Nginx版本
复制代码代码如下:
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx -V
三、观察进程变化
在我的机器上可以观察到,我配置的是10个worker进程,启动后观察到:
复制代码代码如下:
root 6241 104190 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody 624262412 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624362410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624462410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624562410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624662410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624762410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624862410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624962410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 625062410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 625162411 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 625262410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process
nobody 625362410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache loader process
luming 6310 250510 10:51 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
nobody 7995 104190 Jan12 ? 00:20:37 nginx: worker process is shutting down
nobody 7996 104190 Jan12 ? 00:20:11 nginx: worker process is shutting down
nobody 7998 104190 Jan12 ? 00:20:04 nginx: worker process is shutting down
nobody 8003 104190 Jan12 ? 00:20:12 nginx: worker process is shutting down
root 10419 10 Jan08 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 可见新的进程有1个master和10个worker,另外还有1个老的master(可以从时间上看出)和4个worker(其他6个老的worker已经处理完所有连接而shutdown了)。还有一个loader进程。过几秒种可以看到worker只有两个了:
复制代码代码如下:
root 6241 104190 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody 624262411 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624362410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624462410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624562410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624662410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624762410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624862410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624962410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 625062410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 625162410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 625262410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process
nobody 625362410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache loader process
luming 6430 250510 10:51 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
nobody 7996 104190 Jan12 ? 00:20:11 nginx: worker process is shutting down
nobody 8003 104190 Jan12 ? 00:20:12 nginx: worker process is shutting down
root 10419 10 Jan08 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 再过一小会儿观察:
复制代码代码如下:
root 6241 10 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody 624262410 10:51 ? 00:00:01 nginx: worker process
nobody 624362410 10:51 ? 00:00:01 nginx: worker process
nobody 624462410 10:51 ? 00:00:01 nginx: worker process
nobody 624562410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624662410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624762410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624862410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 624962410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 625062410 10:51 ? 00:00:01 nginx: worker process
nobody 625162410 10:51 ? 00:00:02 nginx: worker process
nobody 625262410 10:51 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process
luming 8680 250510 10:56 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx Congratulations! You can upgrade your Nginx server gracefully.
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