Shun 发表于 2021-10-1 11:15:57

HTTP缓存头Last-Modified和ETag介绍

第一次请求
请求:


GET /pic/201408/102.jpg HTTP/1.1

Host: www.uoften.com

Connection: keep-alive

Cache-Control: no-cache

Accept: image/webp,*/*;q=0.8

Pragma: no-cache

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.66 Safari/537.36

Referer: https://www.uoften.com/

Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch

Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8


响应:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Content-Length: 66529

Content-Type: image/jpeg

Last-Modified: Tue, 19 Aug 2014 12:23:54 GMT

Accept-Ranges: bytes

ETag: "029e570a8bbcf1:1ae2"

Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0

X-Powered-By: ASP.NET

Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2014 00:29:03 GMT
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第二次请求
请求:


GET /pic/201408/102.jpg HTTP/1.1

Host: www.uoften.com

Connection: keep-alive

Cache-Control: max-age=0

Accept: image/webp,*/*;q=0.8

Pragma: no-cache

If-Modified-Since: Tue, 19 Aug 2014 12:23:54 GMT

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.66 Safari/537.36

If-None-Match: "029e570a8bbcf1:1ae2"

Referer: https://www.uoften.com/

Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch

Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8

响应:


HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified

Last-Modified: Tue, 19 Aug 2014 12:23:54 GMT

Accept-Ranges: bytes

ETag: "029e570a8bbcf1:1ae2"

Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0

X-Powered-By: ASP.NET

Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2014 00:29:54 GMT


HTTP缓存是为了节省网络传输数据量,服务器端的资源没有变化时返回304且内容为空。Last-Modified和ETag都是用于HTTP缓存,浏览器在第二次请求时会将其传回给服务器用于判断资源是否有变化。ETag是HTTP/1.1标准开始引入的,它是对Last-Modified的补充,主要原因有以下几点:
·一些周期性修改的文件,修改时间变了但内容没变,此时不希望重新GET;
·一些文件修改非常频繁,比如1秒内修改了多次,Last-Modified只能精确到秒;
·一些服务器不能得到文件修改的精确时间;
说明:HTTP/1.1标准没有规定Etag的内容是什么或者说要怎么实现,唯一规定的是Etag需要放在引号内。

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