Rails实现字段加密存储
方案存储前,加密后再存储到数据库
读取后,利用 KEY 进行解密
实现
ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor 是 Rails 基于 openssl 封装实现的一个类,可用于对一个对象进行加密、解密操作。例如:
salt = SecureRandom.random_bytes(64)
key= ActiveSupport::KeyGenerator.new('password').generate_key(salt) # => "\x89\xE0\x156\xAC..."
crypt = ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor.new(key) # => #<ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor ...>
encrypted_data = crypt.encrypt_and_sign('my secret data') # => "NlFBTTMwOUV5UlA1QlNEN2xkY2d6eThYWWh..."
crypt.decrypt_and_verify(encrypted_data) # => "my secret data"
serialize 是 Rails ActiveRecord 里的一个类方法,可用于执行一个 column 如何存储到数据库,以及从数据库读取出来后要如何处理,例如:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
serialize :preferences, Hash
end
user = User.new
user.preferences = {
gender: 'male',
age: 18
}
user.save!
另外,Rails 还允许自定义 Serizlizer,使得开发者能够自行决定如何做进行序列化和反序列化。例如:
class CustomerSerializer
def self.load(value)
value.to_s.blank? ? "" : JSON.parse(value)
end
def self.dump(value)
(value || {}).to_json
end
end
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
serialize :preferences, CustomerSerializer
end
基于此,我们可以自己实现一个 serializer,使得我们能够进行对字段进行加密存储,同时读取出来时能够自行进行解密。
class EncryptedStringSerializer
def self.load(value)
value.to_s.blank? ? '' : decrypt(value)
end
def self.dump(value)
encrypt(value || '')
end
private
def self.encrypt(value)
encryptor.encrypt_and_sign(value)
end
def self.decrypt(value)
encryptor.decrypt_and_verify(value)
end
def self.encryptor
@encryptor ||= ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor.new(Settings.message_encryptor_key)
end
end
class UserAddress < ActiveRecord::Base
serialize :phone, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :first_name, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :last_name, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :country, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :state, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :city, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :address1, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :address2, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :zipcode, EncryptedStringSerializer
end
可以改进的点
加解密用的 KEY 是否过于简单?
针对现有数据,如何平滑过渡?
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