Sun SPARC 小机故障硬盘更换方法
单位的SUN小机硬盘前阵子指示灯 告警，检查发现是硬盘故障，设备早已脱保，如今都是自己维护，网上查询了很多资料，可用的信息太少，还是自己动手丰衣足食的好，也给有类似设备故障的同僚一点参考一、 系统介绍
操作系统：Solaris 10
文件系统：ZFS
存储池：
-3.2# zpool status
pool: rpool
state: ONLINE
scan: resilvered 144G in 2h10m with 0 errors on Mon Dec 11 13:56:43 2017
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
rpool ONLINE 0 0 0
mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t0d0s0ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t1d0s0ONLINE 0 0 0
二、故障描述
存储池rpool中一个磁盘故障，待更换：
-3.2# zpool status
pool: rpool
state: DEGRADED
status: One or more devices are faulted in response to persistent errors.
Sufficient replicas exist for the pool to continue functioning in a
degraded state.
action: Replace the faulted device, or use 'zpool clear' to mark the device repaired.
scan: resilvered 197G in 2h24m with 0 errors on Fri May 12 19:15:56 2017
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
rpool DEGRADED 0 0 0
mirror-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0
c0t0d0s0FAULTED 9 618 0too many errors
c0t1d0s0ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
三、操作过程
1.确定磁盘
在换盘过程中，如果无法在外观上确定坏盘，可通过以下命令生成一个10G的文件：
-3.2# mkfile 10G file1目前两块磁盘中，一个已经是坏盘，所以当生成1个10G文件时，在两块磁盘外观上，无故障的磁盘灯会闪烁，不闪烁的则是故障盘。
2.确定引导盘
bash-3.2# prtconf -vp|grep -i bootpath
bootpath:'/pci@0,600000/pci@0/scsi@1/disk@0,0:a'确定引导盘为disk0，再换盘前需更换为另外一个dis1进行系统引导
重启操作系统到OK界面：
{0} ok boot disk1 （以disk1磁盘进行引导，在用disk1将系统引导起来后再进行故障盘更换工作）3.更换磁盘
-3.2# zpool offline rpool c0t0d0s0
bash-3.2# zpool status
pool: rpool
state: DEGRADED
status: One or more devices has been taken offline by the administrator.
Sufficient replicas exist for the pool to continue functioning in a
degraded state.
action: Online the device using 'zpool online' or replace the device with
'zpool replace'.
scan: scrub repaired 0 in 2h7m with 0 errors on Thu Jan 24 20:31:42 2019
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
rpool DEGRADED 0 0 0
mirror-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0
c0t0d0s0OFFLINE 0 0 0
c0t1d0s0ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
bash-3.2# df -h
Filesystem size usedavail capacityMounted on rpool/ROOT/s10s_u11wos_24a
274G 109G 145G 43% /
/devices 0K 0K 0K 0% /devices
ctfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/contract
proc 0K 0K 0K 0% /proc
mnttab 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/mnttab
swap 92G 448K 92G 1% /etc/svc/volatile
objfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/object
sharefs 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/dfs/sharetab
fd 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev/fd
swap 92G 64K 92G 1% /tmp
swap 92G 72K 92G 1% /var/run
rpool/export 274G 34K 145G 1% /export
rpool/export/home 274G 13M 145G 1% /export/home
rpool 274G 106K 145G 1% /rpool拔出旧磁盘，插入新磁盘
4.建立磁盘分区表
对于系统盘做镜像，需要将两个磁盘的分区表做成一模一样。
-3.2# devfsadm -C
bash-3.2# format
Searching for disks...done
c0t0d0: configured with capacity of 279.38GB
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c0t0d0 <SUN300G cyl 46873 alt 2 hd 20 sec 625>
/pci@0,600000/pci@0/scsi@1/sd@0,0
1. c0t1d0 <SUN300G cyl 46873 alt 2 hd 20 sec 625>
/pci@0,600000/pci@0/scsi@1/sd@1,0
2. c3t60060E8005638900000063890000000Cd0 <HITACHI-OPEN-V*19 -SUN-6008-4.94TB>
/scsi_vhci/ssd@g60060e8005638900000063890000000c
3. c3t60060E80056389000000638900000000d0 <HITACHI-OPEN-V*6 -SUN-6008-1.56TB>
/scsi_vhci/ssd@g60060e80056389000000638900000000
4. c3t60060E80056389000000638900000008d0 <HITACHI-OPEN-V*4 -SUN-6008-1.04TB>oracle
/scsi_vhci/ssd@g60060e80056389000000638900000008
5. c3t600507640081002FC0000000000000FCd0 <IBM-2145-0000-5.00TB>
/scsi_vhci/ssd@g600507640081002fc0000000000000fc
Specify disk (enter its number): 0
selecting c0t0d0
Disk not labeled.Label it now? y#新盘需打标签，2T以上容量可以打EFI标签（打标签会删除磁盘数据）
FORMAT MENU:
disk - select a disk
type - select (define) a disk type
partition- select (define) a partition table
current - describe the current disk
format - format and analyze the disk
repair - repair a defective sector
label - write label to the disk
analyze - surface analysis
defect - defect list management
backup - search for backup labels
verify - read and display labels
save - save new disk/partition definitions
inquiry - show vendor, product and revision
volname - set 8-character volume name
!<cmd> - execute <cmd>, then return
quit
format> p
PARTITION MENU:
0 - change `0' partition
1 - change `1' partition
2 - change `2' partition
3 - change `3' partition
4 - change `4' partition
5 - change `5' partition
6 - change `6' partition
7 - change `7' partition
select - select a predefined table
modify - modify a predefined partition table
name - name the current table
print- display the current table
label- write partition map and label to the disk
!<cmd> - execute <cmd>, then return
quit
partition> p
Current partition table (original):
Total disk cylinders available: 46873 + 2 (reserved cylinders)
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 20 128.17MB(21/0/0) 262500
1 swap wu 21 - 41 128.17MB (21/0/0)262500
2 backup wu 0 - 46872 279.38GB (46873/0/0) 585912500
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 usr wm 42 - 46872 279.13GB (46831/0/0) 585387500
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0以上是新盘“c0t0d0”的磁盘的分区结构，
查看之前无故障的磁盘“c0t1d0”的分区结构：
Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 46872 279.38GB (46873/0/0) 585912500
1 unassigned wu 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
2 backup wm 0 - 46872 279.38G (46873/0/0)585912500
3 unassigned wu 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wu 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wu 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 unassigned wu 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
7 unassigned wu 0 0 (0/0/0) 0通过对比可看出新磁盘“c0t0d0”与旧磁盘“c0t1d0”的分区结构是不一样的，由于两块磁盘彼此是镜像的结构，所以在进行数据同步前，先将新磁盘“c0t0d0”的分区按照旧磁盘“c0t1d0”进行分区设置，如下图所示，分区表已经拷贝一模一样，注意磁盘末尾是分片“s2”（分片 2，表示带有 VTOC 标签的整个磁盘。）
-3.2# prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2|fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2（新盘）
fmthard:New volume table of contents now in place.#将“c0t0d0s2”的分区按照“c0t1d0s2”的分区表进行复制设置
-3.2# format # c0t0d0s2的分区表如下所示
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 46872 279.38GB (46873/0/0)585912500
1 unassigned wu 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
2 backup wm 0 - 46872 279.38GB(46873/0/0)585912500
3 unassigned wu 0 0(0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wu 0 0(0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wu 0 0(0/0/0) 0
6 unassigned wu 0 0(0/0/0) 0
7 unassigned wu 0 0(0/0/0) 05.磁盘镜像（数据同步）
目前系统只有一块磁盘在正常工作：
-3.2# zpool status
pool: rpool
state: DEGRADED
status: One or more devices are faulted in response to persistent errors.
Sufficient replicas exist for the pool to continue functioning in a
degraded state.
action: Replace the faulted device, or use 'zpool clear' to mark the device
repaired.
scan: resilvered 197G in 2h24m with 0 errors on Fri May 12 19:15:56 2017
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
rpool DEGRADED 0 0 0
mirror-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0
c0t0d0s0FAULTED 9 618 0too many errors
c0t1d0s0ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors将新换的磁盘加入存储池，制作磁盘镜像，开始数据拷贝
-3.2# zpool replace rpool c0t0d0s0
Make sure to wait until resilver is done before rebooting.
bash-3.2# zpool status
pool: rpool
state: DEGRADED
status: One or more devices is currently being resilvered.The pool will
continue to function, possibly in a degraded state.
action: Wait for the resilver to complete.
scan: resilver in progress since Mon Dec 11 11:46:11 2017
12.4M scanned out of 144G at 906K/s, 46h25m to go
12.2M resilvered, 0.01% done
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
rpool DEGRADED 0 0 0
mirror-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0
replacing-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0
c0t0d0s0/oldFAULTED 9 618 0too many errors
c0t0d0s0 ONLINE 0 0 0(resilvering)
c0t1d0s0 ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
bash-3.2# iostat -xn 3
extended device statistics
r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t%w%b device
1.0 4.8 39.9 79.30.00.2 0.0 28.1 0 3 c0t0d0
1.5 6.7 35.0114.80.00.2 0.0 23.5 0 3 c0t1d0
0.0 0.0 0.7 0.00.00.0 0.0 2.8 0 0 c3t60060E8005638900000063890000000Cd0
2.0 1.0 1.0 0.50.00.0 0.0 0.3 0 0 c3t60060E80056389000000638900000008d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.2 0 0 c3t60060E80056389000000638900000000d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c3t600507640081002FC0000000000000FCd0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 rdms02b:vold(pid523)
extended device statistics
r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t%w%b device
0.0358.8 0.0 10546.30.08.4 0.0 23.3 098 c0t0d0
475.3 37.0 10446.3392.80.02.2 0.0 4.2 056 c0t1d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c3t60060E8005638900000063890000000Cd0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c3t60060E80056389000000638900000008d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c3t60060E80056389000000638900000000d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c3t600507640081002FC0000000000000FCd0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 rdms02b:vold(pid523)
extended device statistics
r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t%w%b device
0.0405.2 0.0 11338.20.09.1 0.0 22.4 0 100 c0t0d0
647.6 0.0 11317.5 0.00.01.4 0.0 2.1 044 c0t1d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c3t60060E8005638900000063890000000Cd0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c3t60060E80056389000000638900000008d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c3t60060E80056389000000638900000000d0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c3t600507640081002FC0000000000000FCd0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 rdms02b:vold(pid523
bash-3.2# zpool status
pool: backup
state: ONLINE
scan: none requested
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
backup ONLINE 0 0 0
c3t60060E8005638900000063890000000Cd0ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
pool: rpool
state: DEGRADED
status: One or more devices is currently being resilvered.The pool will
continue to function, possibly in a degraded state.
action: Wait for the resilver to complete.
scan: resilver in progress since Mon Dec 11 11:46:11 2017
107G scanned out of 144G at 17.5M/s, 0h36m to go
107G resilvered, 73.92% done
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
rpool DEGRADED 0 0 0
mirror-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0
replacing-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0
c0t0d0s0/oldFAULTED 9 618 0too many errors
c0t0d0s0 ONLINE 0 0 0(resilvering)
c0t1d0s0 ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors数据同步完成后如下所示，磁盘更换完毕
-3.2# zpool status
pool: backup
state: ONLINE
scan: none requested
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
backup ONLINE 0 0 0
c3t60060E8005638900000063890000000Cd0ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
pool: rpool
state: ONLINE
scan: resilvered 144G in 2h10m with 0 errors on Mon Dec 11 13:56:43 2017
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
rpool ONLINE 0 0 0
mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t0d0s0ONLINE 0 0 0
c0t1d0s0ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors6.硬盘测试
重启系统，在xscf界面下，用新换的磁盘启动系统，若启动无问题，则磁盘更换成功：
{0} ok boot disk0
Boot device: /pci@0,600000/pci@0/scsi@1/disk@0File and args:
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