NFS共享MySQL使用DNS轮询实现Web负载均衡
NFS共享MySQL使用DNS轮询实现Web负载均衡
前言：
今天学习了NFS，遂结合前面学习的LAMP+Bind做一个实验，实现两台Web服务器采用同一个MySQL数据库和相同的网页文件，对LAMP和Bind不了解的可以去查看我以前写的博客： AnyISalIn的文章
实验拓扑图
http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459216390141843.pnghttp://www.178linux.com/wp-content/plugins/ueditor/ueditor/themes/default/p_w_picpaths/spacer.gif
实验环境
主机名IP地址实现storage.anyisalin.com192.168.2.5NFSns.anyisalin.com192.168.2.2dns,MySQLwww.anyisalin.com192.168.2.3webwww.anyisalin.com192.168.2.4web本文所有主机皆关闭SElinux和IPtables
实验步骤
搭建NFS
以下操作在storage.anyisalin.com中执行
# yum install nfs-utils | tail -n 10#安装nfs-utils 这里已经安装过了Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, securitySetting up Install ProcessLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.comPackage 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-64.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest versionNothing to do创建文件夹并导出
# mkdir /var/mydata# mkdir /var/webroot# cd /var/webroot/# unzip wordpress-4.4.1-zh_CN.zip &> /dev/null# lswordpresswordpress-4.4.1-zh_CN.zip# chmod 777 wordpress -R# vim /etc/exports /var/mydata 192.168.2.2(rw,no_root_squash) /var/webroot192.168.2.3(rw,no_root_squash) 192.168.2.4(rw,no_root_squash)# service rpcbind start && service nfs startStarting NFS services: Starting NFS quotas: Starting NFS mountd: Starting NFS daemon: Starting RPC idmapd: # showmount -e localhost #查看当前导出的目录Export list for localhost:/var/webroot 192.168.2.4,192.168.2.3/var/mydata192.168.2.2搭建dns,MySQL环境
以下操作在ns.anyisalin.com中执行
DNS配置
# yum install bind mysql-server -y | tail -n 10 #信息过长遂使用tail限制perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.013-3.el6 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.609-4.el6 perl-Module-Pluggable.x86_64 1:3.90-141.el6_7.1 perl-Pod-Escapes.x86_64 1:1.04-141.el6_7.1 perl-Pod-Simple.x86_64 1:3.13-141.el6_7.1 perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.10.1-141.el6_7.1 perl-version.x86_64 3:0.77-141.el6_7.1 portreserve.x86_64 0:0.0.4-9.el6 Complete!# 在/etc/named.rfc1912.zones文件中添加以下几行
zone "anyisalin.com" IN { type master; file "anyisalin.com.zone";};
配置区域解析库文件为如下
vim /var/named/anyisalin.com.zone$TTL 600$ORIGIN anyisalin.com.@ IN SOAns.anyisalin.comamdin.anyisalin.com ( 20160328 1D 5M 7D 1D) IN NSnsns IN A 192.168.2.2www IN A 192.168.2.3www IN A 192.168.2.4storage IN A 192.168.2.5测试效果如下，以达到DNS实现轮询http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212167926148.gif
MySQL配置
这里MySQL数据库文件通过NFS保存在远程主机
# mkdir /mydata# mount -t nfs 192.168.2.5:/var/mydata /mydata# cd /usr/src/# lsdebugkernelsmariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64.tar.gz# tar xf mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64.tar.gz # cd mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64# lsbinCOPYINGCOPYING.LESSERdatadocsincludeINSTALL-BINARYlibmanmysql-testREADMEscriptssharesql-benchsupport-files# groupadd -r -g 3306 mysql groupadd: group 'mysql' already exists# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysqluseradd: user 'mysql' already exists# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata --user=mysql#初始化数据库Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/mydata' ...OKFilling help tables...OK#内容省略# ls /mydata/#查看生成的数据库aria_log.00000001aria_log_controlmysqlperformance_schematest# ln -sv /usr/src/mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql`/usr/local/mysql' -> `/usr/src/mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64'# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf# vim /etc/my.cnf#添加以下三行datadir = /mydataskip_name_resolve = oninnodb_file_per_table = on# export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:$PATH# service mysqld start #测试MySQL是否能正常启动Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! # mysqlWelcome to the MariaDB monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 1Server version: 5.5.32-MariaDB-log MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> GRANT ALL ON wp.* TO 'wpuser'@'%' IDENTIFIEDBY 'passwd';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)mysql> CREATE DATABASE wp;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)WEB配置
第一台主机安装
以下操作在www.anyisalin.com(192.168.2.3)中执行
# yum install httpd php php-mysql -y | tail -n 10apr-util.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 apr-util-ldap.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-45.el6.centos libedit.x86_64 0:2.11-4.20080712cvs.1.el6 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.31-2.el6 php-cli.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6 php-common.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6 php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6 Complete!# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/virt.conf#编辑配置文件NameVirtualHost 192.168.2.3:80NameVirtualHost 192.168.2.3:80<VirtualHost 192.168.2.3:80> ServerName www.anyisalin.com DocumentRoot /webroot/wordpress</VirtualHost># service rpcbind startStarting rpcbind: # mount ^C# mkdir /webroot# mount -t nfs 192.168.2.5:/var/webroot /webroot/# ls /webroot/wordpresswordpress-4.4.1-zh_CN.zip# service httpd startStarting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for www.anyisalin.comhttpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName NameVirtualHost 192.168.2.3:80 has no VirtualHosts 安装前我们需要先将dns服务器中对192.168.2.4的解析注释,避免安装时出现解析问题
安装过程不做演示
http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212181877370.png
http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212196700150.png
第二台主机安装
以下操作在www.anyisalin.com(192.168.2.4)中执行
我们要将dns服务器中的A记录恢复到初始轮询的状态
# yum install httpd php php-mysql nfs-utils -y | tail -n 10Installed:httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-45.el6.centos nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-64.el6 php.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6 php-mysql.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6 Dependency Installed:apr.x86_64 0:1.3.9-5.el6_2 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 apr-util-ldap.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-45.el6.centos keyutils.x86_64 0:1.4-5.el6 libedit.x86_64 0:2.11-4.20080712cvs.1.el6 libevent.x86_64 0:1.4.13-4.el6 libgssglue.x86_64 0:0.1-11.el6 libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.1-10.el6 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.31-2.el6 nfs-utils-lib.x86_64 0:1.1.5-11.el6 php-cli.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6 php-common.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6 php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6 python-argparse.noarch 0:1.2.1-2.1.el6 rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-11.el6 Complete!# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/virt.confNameVirtualHost 192.168.2.4:80<VirtualHost 192.168.2.4:80> ServerName www.anyisalin.com DocumentRoot /webroot/wordpress</VirtualHost># service rpcbind startStarting rpcbind: # mkdir /webroot# mount -t nfs 192.168.2.5:/var/webroot /webroot/# service httpd startStarting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using www.anyisalin.com for ServerName # 确保DNS服务能提供以下效果 http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212220108728.png
测试
由于在Windows我们不好进行模拟, 遂修改HOSTS文件达到测试效果
web1测试
现在访问web1主机
http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212383143904.png
http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212284934356.png
发布一篇文章测试
http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212291250612.png
web2测试
现在访问web2主机
http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212303832664.png
还能够看到刚才发的文章
http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212310133380.png
再发布一篇文章
http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212323174125.png
http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212328160318.png
回到web1测试
再次访问web1主机
http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212333430599.png
http://www.178linux.com/ueditor/php/upload/p_w_picpath/20160329/1459212351505273.png
虽然页面一样, 但是主机已经是web2了
总结
虽然本文最后测试时只修改了hosts文件进行测试，但是如果指定DNS地址为192.168.2.2的话是能够完成负载均衡的效果的，但是NFS的网络传输文件的效率并不好，后期会学习LVS和Nginx, HAproxy等专用负载均衡软件再给大家写一篇。
作者: AnyISalIn
感谢: MagEdu
页:
[1]