[Oracle] 解析在没有备份的情况下undo损坏怎么办
如果Oracle在运行中很不幸遇到undo损坏,当然最好的方法是完全恢复,不过如果没有备份,可以采用一种非常规的手段(利用Oracle的隐藏参数),如果此时undo包含未提交的事务,会造成一点点的数据丢失(一般都是可忍受的),如果没有未提交的事务,则不会有数据丢失。其主要步骤有:1. 修改undo表空间管理为手动;
2. 设置隐藏参数(_offline_rollback_segments或_corrupted_rollback_segments)标识受影响的回滚段,使Oracle忽略其上的未提交事务;
3. 手动删除受影响的回滚段和undo表空间,然后重建新的undo表空间;
4. 还原undo表空间管理为自动。
实验如下:
Step 1.
如果undo数据文件损坏,数据库只能到mount状态,open时会出现以下错误:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 14 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 14: 'I:\INTEL_DATA\O06DMS0\UNDO1.O06DMS0'
说明该undo文件已经损坏或丢失,把该文件offline之后就可以打开数据库了:
SQL> alter database datafile 'I:\INTEL_DATA\O06DMS0\UNDO1.O06DMS0' offline drop;
SQL> alter database open;
打开数据库的目的是为了找出受影响的回滚段:
SQL> select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;
SEGMENT_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ----------------
SYSTEM ONLINE
_SYSSMU10_1201331463$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU9_2926456744$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU8_640224757$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU7_3984293596$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU6_3694658906$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU5_3475919656$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU4_168502732$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU3_1987193959$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU2_3908286755$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU1_3281912951$ OFFLINE
SQL> show parameter undo
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -------------
undo_management string AUTO
undo_retention integer 900
undo_tablespace string undo1
关闭数据库:
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Step 2.
创建一个临时的pfile:
SQL> create pfile='H:\initO06DMS0.ora' from spfile;
修改pfile如下:
*.undo_management='manual' -- undo表空间管理方式修改为手动
*.undo_tablespace='undo2' --指定一个新的undo表空间
*._offline_rollback_segments=('_SYSSMU10_1201331463$','_SYSSMU9_2926456744$','_SYSSMU8_640224757$','_SYSSMU7_3984293596$','_SYSSMU6_3694658906$','_SYSSMU5_3475919656$','_SYSSMU4_168502732$','_SYSSMU3_1987193959$','_SYSSMU2_3908286755$','_SYSSMU1_3281912951$')--把所有受影响的回滚段都列在这里
并以改pfile重新启动数据库:
SQL> startup pfile='H:\initO06DMS0.ora'
Step 3.
手动删除受影响的回滚段:
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU10_1201331463$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU9_2926456744$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU8_640224757$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU7_3984293596$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU6_3694658906$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU5_3475919656$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU4_168502732$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU3_1987193959$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU2_3908286755$";
SQL>drop rollback segment "_SYSSMU1_3281912951$";
手动删除旧的undo表空间:
SQL> drop tablespace undo1 including contents;
重建新的undo表空间:
SQL> create undo tablespace undo2 datafile 'I:\INTEL_DATA\O06DMS0\UNDO2.O06DMS0' size 100m;
创建新的spfile,覆盖旧的spfile:
SQL> create spfile from pfile='H:\initO06DMS0.ora';
关闭数据库:
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Step 4.
以原来的spfile启动数据库:
SQL> startup;
还原undo表空间管理为自动:
SQL> alter system set undo_management='auto' scope=spfile;
取消隐藏参数的设置:
SQL> alter system reset "_offline_rollback_segments" scope=spfile;
重启使其生效:
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup
SQL> show parameter undo
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -------------------
undo_management string AUTO
undo_retention integer 900
undo_tablespace string undo2
最终检查一下:
SQL> select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;
SEGMENT_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ----------------
SYSTEM ONLINE
_SYSSMU40_1968985325$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU39_4040503138$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU38_4059847715$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU37_2692202156$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU36_2617425201$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU35_1133967719$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU34_1916939664$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU33_99444166$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU32_162619813$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU31_830375278$ ONLINE
https://www.uoften.com/dbs/oracle/20180415/72951.html
页:
[1]