MySQL主主互备结合keepalived实现高可用
试验环境：master：192.168.1.210（CentOS6.5）
slave：192.168.1.211（CentOS6.5）
VIP：192.168.1.208
MySQL主主互备模式配置
step1：Master服务的/etc/my.cnf配置
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
server_id = 1
log-bin = mysql-bin
relay-log = mysql-relay-bin
replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% #指定不需要复制的库，mysql.%表示mysql库下的所有对象
replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.% step2：Slave服务的/etc/my.cnf配置
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
server_id = 2
log-bin = mysql-bin
relay-log = mysql-relay-bin
replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.% step3：重启两台主从mysql服务
# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL..
Starting MySQL.
# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL..
Starting MySQL.
step4：查看主从的log-bin日志状态
记录File和Position的值
# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show master status'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 414 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show master status'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 414 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
step5：创建主从同步replication用户
1、master
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.1.211' identified by 'replication';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.211',
-> master_user='replication',
-> master_password='replication',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=414;
mysql> start slave; 2、slave
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.1.210' identified by 'replication';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.210',
-> master_user='replication',
-> master_password='replication',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=414;
mysql> start slave;
同步失败可能需要停止或重设slave
mysql> stop slave;
mysql> reset slave;
step6：分别在master和slave上查看slave状态，验证是否成功配置主主复制模式
1、master
2、slave
slave状态同步过程可能需要重启MySQL服务
# service mysqld restart
# service mysqld restart
step7：验证，在master上创建test1数据库，slave上查看是否同步
1、master上创建test1数据库
# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'create database test1' 2、slave上查看是否同步创建test1
# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show databases'
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test1 |
+--------------------+
安装和配置keepalived实现MySQL双主高可用
step1：安装keepalived
方法一：使用yum安装keepalived，需要安装epel-release源
# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.opencas.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.opencas.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# yum -y install keepalived
查看keepalived相关目录
# ls /usr/sbin/keepalived
/usr/sbin/keepalived
# ls /etc/init.d/keepalived
/etc/init.d/keepalived
# ls /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
方法二：从keepalived官方网站http://www.keepalived.org下载源代码包编译安装
1、下载keepalived最新版
# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz
# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz
2、安装keepalived依赖软件包
# yum installpcre-devel openssl-devel popt-devel libnl-devel
3、解压并安装keepalived
# tar zxf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz
# cd keepalived-1.2.19
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
--sysconf=/etc --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
# make
# make install 查看keepalived相关的文件
# ls /etc/keepalived/
keepalived.confsamples
# ls /etc/init.d/keepalived
/etc/init.d/keepalived 链接/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived到/sbin/目录
# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/ 设置keepalived启动级别
# chkconfig --add keepalived
# chkconfig --level 35 keepalived on
step2：配置keepalived
1、Master的keepalived.conf配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@huangmingming.cn
741616710@qq.com
}
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance HA_1 {
state BACKUP #master和slave都配置为BACKUP
interface eth0 #指定HA检测的网络接口
virtual_router_id 80 #虚拟路由标识，主备相同
priority 100 #定义优先级，slave设置90
advert_int 1 #设定master和slave之间同步检查的时间间隔
nopreempt #不抢占模式。只在优先级高的机器上设置即可
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress { #设置虚拟IP，可以设置多个，每行一个
192.168.1.208/24 dev eth0 #MySQL对外服务的IP，即VIP
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.208 3306 {
delay_loop 2 #每隔2秒查询real server状态
lb_algo wrr #lvs 算法
lb_kinf DR #LVS模式（Direct Route）
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.1.210 3306 { #监听本机的IP
weight 1
notify_down /usr/local/keepalived/bin/mysql.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10 #10秒无响应超时
bingto 192.168.1.208
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
} keepalived检测脚本，当其中一台MySQL服务出现故障down掉时，实现自动切换到正常的MySQL服务器继续提供服务
# vim /usr/local/keepalived/bin/mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
pkill keepalived
2、Slave的keepalived.conf配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@huangmingming.cn
741616710@qq.com
}
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance HA_1 {
state BACKUP #master和slave都配置为BACKUP
interface eth0 #指定HA检测的网络接口
virtual_router_id 80 #虚拟路由标识，主备相同
priority 90 #定义优先级，slave设置90
advert_int 1 #设定master和slave之间同步检查的时间间隔
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress { #设置虚拟IP，可以设置多个，每行一个
192.168.1.208/24 dev eth0 #MySQL对外服务的IP，即VIP
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.208 3306 {
delay_loop 2
lb_algo wrr
lb_kinf DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.1.211 3306 { #监听本机的IP
weight 1
notify_down /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
bingto 192.168.1.208
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
step3：授权VIP的root用户权限
授权远程主机可以通过VIP登录MySQL，并测试数据复制功能
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.1.208' identified by '741616710';
mysql> flush privileges; step4：测试keepalived高可用功能
1、远程主机登录通过VIP192.168.1.208登录MySQL，查看MySQL连接状态
mysql> show variables like 'hostname%';
+---------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value|
+---------------+--------+
| hostname | master |
+---------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
从上面查看的结果看样看出在正常情况下连接的是master
2、故障测试，停止master的MySQL服务，再次查看是否转移至slave服务器上
# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!mysql> show variables like 'hostname%';
ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query
mysql> show variables like 'hostname%';
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 1268
Current database: *** NONE ***
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| hostname | slave |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
由测试结果可以看出，keepalived成功转移MySQL服务
页:
[1]