[python] 使用selenium实现爬取BOSS直聘职位并写入数据库案例

"""Readme:
create time: 2021-08-01
1. 请使用pip安装好相应扩展库. lxml、win32api、selenium、pymysql,并配置好ChromeDriver等相关环境
2. 本次使用selenium控制的浏览器为本地Chrome,使用类时请将Chrome安装路径传入参数中
3. 以便更好的抓取相关信息,请提前在Chrome浏览器登录BOSS直聘,如果没有登录会受到反爬限制
4. 执行写入数据库操作时记得提前将 BOSS库和jobs_info表创建好
"""
import os
import time
import random
import pymysql
import win32api
from lxml import etree
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

class BOSS(object):
  def __init__(self, ChromePath, Keyword, QueryQuantity=30):
    """
    :param ChromePath: chrome安装路径
    :param Keyword: 搜索职位关键字
    :param QueryQuantity: 获取职位的数量,默认获取30条
    """
    self.Url = "https://www.zhipin.com/"
    self.ChromePath = ChromePath
    self.Keyword = Keyword
    self.jobs_quantity = QueryQuantity
    self.Browser = None
    self.xpath = {}
    self.job_info = {}
    self.jobs_list = []
  def start_browser(self):
    """启动本地浏览器并打开页面"""
    # 判断当前Chrome是否在运行
    def is_exe_running(exe="chrome.exe"):
      result = os.popen(f'''tasklist | findstr "{exe}" ''')
      return exe in result.read()
    # 关闭当前Chrome
    def close_exe_program(exe="chrome.exe"):
      if is_exe_running(exe):
        os.popen(f"""taskkill -F /im {exe}""")
        return True
      return False
    # 启动Chrome
    def start_program(path, params=""):
      win32api.ShellExecute(0, 'open', path, params, os.path.split(path)[0], 1)
    # 启用Chrome
    def start_debugging_chrome(url=""):
      if close_exe_program():
        time.sleep(1)
      path = self.ChromePath
      assert path is not None, "获请传入chrome.exe 绝对路径"
      if not path.endswith('chrome.exe'):
        path = path + '\\chrome.exe'
      start_program(path, f"--remote-debugging-port=9222 {url}")
    start_debugging_chrome(url=self.Url)
    option = Options()
    option.add_experimental_option("debuggerAddress", "127.0.0.1:9222")
    self.Browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=option)
    self.Browser.maximize_window()
    self.Browser.switch_to.window(self.Browser.window_handles[0])
    try:
      WebDriverWait(driver=self.Browser, timeout=10).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_id("main"))
    except Exception:
      print("打开页面失败,请检查网络是否正常后重新运行此程序(如果网络正常尝试改变此方法中的element元素或将try语句注释)")
      self.close_browser()
      exit(-1)
  def close_browser(self):
    """关闭浏览器"""
    self.Browser.quit()
  def wait_element_loaded(self, xpath: str, timeout=10, close_browser=True):
    """
    等待页面元素成功加载完成
    :param xpath: xpath表达式
    :param timeout: 最长等待超时时间
    :param close_browser: 元素等待超时后是否关闭浏览器
    :return: Boolean
    """
    now_time = int(time.time())
    while int(time.time()) - now_time < timeout:
      try:
        element = self.Browser.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
        if element:
          return True
        time.sleep(1)
      except Exception:
        pass
    else:
      if close_browser:
        self.close_browser()
      print("查找页面元素失败，如果不存在网络问题请尝试修改xpath表达式")
      return False
  def get_element_text(self, xpath, single=True):
    """获取页面中指定元素的文本内容,如果页面中找不到该元素则返回空
    :param xpath: xpath表达式
    :param single: True表示获取单个元素,False表示获取多个元素
    :return: 元素的文本内容
    """
    try:
      if single:
        return self.Browser.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).text
      else:
        return self.Browser.find_elements_by_xpath(xpath)
    except Exception:
      return ''
  def add_xpath_element(self):
    """增加页面中相应的xpath元素"""
    self.xpath['input_box'] = '//input[@name="query"]'                    # 输入框
    self.xpath['query'] = '//button[@ka="search_box_index"]'                # 查询按钮
    self.xpath['jobs_div'] = '//div[@class="job-list"]'                   # 职位展示页面
    self.xpath['jobs_list'] = '//div[@class="job-list"]/ul/li//span[@class="job-name"]/a'   # 职位信息列表
    self.xpath['job_detail'] = '//div[@class="job-banner"]'                 # 职位详情页面
    self.xpath['next_page'] = '//a[@ka="page-next"]'                    # 下一页按钮
    self.xpath['company_name'] = '//div[@class="company-info"]/a[2]'            # 公司名称
    self.xpath['job_name'] = '//div[@class="name"]/h1'                    # 职位名称
    self.xpath['job_salary'] = '//span[@class="salary"]'                  # 员工薪水
    self.xpath['job_banner'] = '(//div[@class="info-primary"]/p)[1]'            # 工作信息栏
    self.xpath['job_content'] = '//div[@class="text"]'                    # 工作内容
    self.xpath['job_welfare'] = '//div[@class="job-tags"]/span'               # 员工福利
    self.xpath['company_type'] = '//a[@ka="job-detail-brandindustry"]'            # 公司行业
    self.xpath['update_date'] = '(//p[@class="gray"])[1]'                   # 发布职位日期
    self.xpath['update_person'] = '//div[@class="detail-op"]/h2'              # 发布职位的人员
    self.xpath['company_address'] = '//div[@class="location-address"]'            # 公司地址
    self.xpath['Financing_stage'] = '//div[@class="sider-company"]/p/i[@class="icon-stage"]/parent::*'   # 公司融资阶段
    self.xpath['company_size'] = '//div[@class="sider-company"]/p/i[@class="icon-scale"]/parent::*'    # 公司规模
  def get_jobs_info(self):
    """处理页面内容"""
    self.Browser.find_element_by_xpath(self.xpath['input_box']).send_keys(self.Keyword)
    time.sleep(1)
    self.Browser.find_element_by_xpath(self.xpath['query']).click()
    while len(self.jobs_list) < self.jobs_quantity:
      if not self.wait_element_loaded(xpath=self.xpath['jobs_div'], timeout=15):
        print("查询职位页面加载失败,请检查网络连接是否正常！")
        exit(-1)
      jobs_links = self.Browser.find_elements_by_xpath(self.xpath['jobs_list'])
      for job_link in jobs_links:
        # 打开单个职位详情页面并将浏览器对象切换到新窗口
        job_link.click()
        self.Browser.switch_to.window(self.Browser.window_handles[-1])
        if not self.wait_element_loaded(xpath=self.xpath['job_detail']):
          print("职位详情页面加载失败，请检查！")
          exit(-1)
        job_welfare_list = self.Browser.find_elements_by_xpath(self.xpath['job_welfare'])
        job_banner_HTML = self.Browser.find_element_by_xpath(self.xpath['job_banner']).get_attribute(
          "outerHTML")
        # 使用etree更好的获取text
        job_banner = etree.fromstring(job_banner_HTML)
        education = job_banner.xpath("./text()")[1]
        work_experience = job_banner.xpath("./text()")[0]
        job_name = self.get_element_text(self.xpath['job_name'])
        job_salary = self.get_element_text(self.xpath['job_salary'])
        update_date = self.get_element_text(self.xpath['update_date'])
        company_size = self.get_element_text(self.xpath['company_size'])
        company_type = self.get_element_text(self.xpath['company_type'])
        company_name = self.get_element_text(self.xpath['company_name'])
        update_person = self.get_element_text(self.xpath['update_person'])
        Financing_stage = self.get_element_text(self.xpath['Financing_stage'])
        company_address = self.get_element_text(self.xpath['company_address'])
        job_content = self.get_element_text(self.xpath['job_content']).replace('\n', '')
        job_welfare = '、'.join([welfare.text for welfare in job_welfare_list if welfare.text])
        self.job_info = {'company_name': company_name, 'job_name': job_name, 'job_salary': job_salary,
                 'work_experience': work_experience, 'education': education,
                 'job_content': job_content, 'Financing_stage': Financing_stage,
                 'company_size': company_size, 'company_type': company_type,
                 'company_address': company_address, 'update_date': update_date,
                 'update_person': update_person, 'job_welfare': job_welfare,
                 }
        print(self.job_info)
        if len(self.jobs_list) < self.jobs_quantity:
          self.jobs_list.append(self.job_info)
        else:
          break
        time.sleep(random.randint(2, 5))
        self.Browser.close()
        # 关闭当前所使用的页面后要及时切换到另一个存在的页面，不然会报错
        self.Browser.switch_to.window(self.Browser.window_handles[0])
      if len(self.jobs_list) < self.jobs_quantity:
        try:
          self.Browser.switch_to.window(self.Browser.window_handles[0])
          next_page = self.Browser.find_element_by_xpath(self.xpath['next_page'])
          if "disabled" not in next_page.get_attribute("class"):
            # 点击下一页
            next_page.click()
          else:
            print("已查询到最后一页...")
            break
        except Exception as e:
          print(e)
          break
    print("已获取职位数量", len(self.jobs_list))
  def run(self):
    """执行程序
    :return: 获取到的结果 -> list
    """
    self.start_browser()
    self.add_xpath_element()
    self.get_jobs_info()
    self.close_browser()
    return self.jobs_list

class MysqlPipelines(object):
  """
  实现将数据写入到数据库中
  提前将BOSS库和jobs_info表创建好,创建表结构如下:
    create table BOSS.jobs_info( \
      id int primary key auto_increment, \
      company_name varchar(100) character set utf8, \
      job_name varchar(100) character set utf8, \
      job_salary varchar(100) character set utf8, \
      work_experience varchar(100) character set utf8, \
      education varchar(100) character set utf8, \
      job_content varchar(3000) character set utf8, \
      Financing_stage varchar(100) character set utf8, \
      company_size varchar(100) character set utf8, \
      company_type varchar(100) character set utf8, \
      company_address varchar(100) character set utf8, \
      update_date varchar(100) character set utf8, \
      update_person varchar(100) character set utf8, \
      job_welfare varchar(100) character set utf8);
  """
  def __init__(self, Host, Port, DB, User, Password, Charset):
    """初始化.
    定义连接远程MySQL的IP、端口、库名、用户名、密码、字符格式.
    """
    self.conn = pymysql.connect(
      host=Host,
      port=Port,
      db=DB,
      user=User,
      password=Password,
      charset=Charset,
    )
    self.cur = self.conn.cursor()
  def write_to_mysql(self, values: list or dict):
    """
    将values值进行循环遍历,过滤出字典数据后进行依次写入数据库.
    :param values: 可以是单个字典也可以将字典包含在列表或二维数组中.
    """
    if isinstance(values, list) and len(values) >= 1:
      for value in values:
        if isinstance(value, list):
          for internal_dict in value:
            if isinstance(internal_dict, dict):
              self.insert_value(internal_dict)
        elif isinstance(value, dict):
          self.insert_value(value)
    elif isinstance(values, dict):
      self.insert_value(values)
    self.conn.close()
  def insert_value(self, dict_value: dict):
    """向MySQL中插入数据
    :param dict_value: 要插入的字典值
    """
    TableName = "BOSS.jobs_info"
    FieldsName = "company_name, job_name, job_salary, work_experience, education, job_content, Financing_stage, " \
           "company_size, company_type, company_address, update_date, update_person, job_welfare "
    sql = "insert into {}({}) values('{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}')".format(
      TableName,
      FieldsName,
      dict_value.get('company_name'),
      dict_value.get('job_name'),
      dict_value.get('job_salary'),
      dict_value.get('work_experience'),
      dict_value.get('education'),
      dict_value.get('job_content'),
      dict_value.get('Financing_stage'),
      dict_value.get('company_size'),
      dict_value.get('company_type'),
      dict_value.get('company_address'),
      dict_value.get('update_date'),
      dict_value.get('update_person'),
      dict_value.get('job_welfare')
    )
    try:
      self.cur.execute(sql)
      self.conn.commit()
    except Exception as E:
      print(E)
      self.conn.rollback()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  chrome_path = "C:\\Program Files\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe"
  keyword = "数据分析"
  query_quantity = 40
  main = BOSS(ChromePath=chrome_path, Keyword=keyword, QueryQuantity=query_quantity)
  jobs_info = main.run()
  mysql = MysqlPipelines(Host='192.168.116.128',
               Port=3306,
               DB='BOSS',
               User='root',
               Password='password123',
               Charset='utf8')
  mysql.write_to_mysql(values=jobs_info)