[Nginx] 详解nginx配置url重定向-反向代理

$args, 请求中的参数;
$content_length, HTTP请求信息里的"Content-Length";
$content_type, 请求信息里的"Content-Type";
$document_root, 针对当前请求的根路径设置值;
$document_uri, 与$uri相同;
$host, 请求信息中的"Host"，如果请求中没有Host行，则等于设置的服务器名;
$limit_rate, 对连接速率的限制;
$request_method, 请求的方法，比如"GET"、"POST"等;
$remote_addr, 客户端地址;
$remote_port, 客户端端口号;
$remote_user, 客户端用户名，认证用;
$request_filename, 当前请求的文件路径名
$request_body_file
$request_uri, 请求的URI，带查询字符串;
$query_string, 与$args相同;
$scheme, 所用的协议，比如http或者是https，比如rewrite ^(.+)$ $scheme://example.com$1 redirect;
$server_protocol, 请求的协议版本，"HTTP/1.0"或"HTTP/1.1";
$server_addr, 服务器地址，如果没有用listen指明服务器地址，使用这个变量将发起一次系统调用以取得地址(造成资源浪费);
$server_name, 请求到达的服务器名;
$server_port, 请求到达的服务器端口号;
$uri, 请求的URI，可能和最初的值有不同，比如经过重定向之类的。

• last - 完成重写指令，之后搜索相应的URI或location。
  
• break - 完成重写指令。
  
• redirect - 返回302临时重定向，如果替换字段用http://开头则被使用。
  
• permanent - 返回301永久重定向。
  

rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 last;
rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra last;
return 403;

location /download/ {
 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;
 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra break;
 return 403;
}

rewrite ^/users/(.*)$ /show?user=$1? last;

/photos/123456

/path/to/photos/12/1234/123456.png

rewrite "/photos/([0-9] {2})([0-9] {2})([0-9] {2})" /path/to/photos/$1/$1$2/$1$2$3.png;

server {
 server_name www.example.com;
 rewrite ^ http://example.com$request_uri? permanent;
}

if ($args ^~ post=100){
 rewrite ^ http://example.com/new-address.html? permanent;
}

server {
 listen 80 default_server;
 server_name  www.lansgg.com lansgg.com;
 access_log  logs/lansgg.access.log main;
 error_log  logs/lansgg.error.log;
 root   /opt/nginx/nginx/html/lansgg;
 index index.html;
 rewrite ^/ http://www.Aries.com/;
 }

server {
 listen 80 default_server;
 server_name www.lansgg.com lansgg.com;
 access_log logs/lansgg.access.log main;
 error_log logs/lansgg.error.log;
 root  /opt/nginx/nginx/html/lansgg;
 index index.html;
 location /c1.html {
 rewrite /c1.html /c2.html break;
 }
 location /c2.html {
 return 508;
 }
 }
[root@master sbin]# echo "c1" > /opt/nginx/nginx/html/lansgg/c1.html
[root@master sbin]# echo "c2" > /opt/nginx/nginx/html/lansgg/c2.html

server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name www.lansgg.com lansgg.com;
access_log logs/lansgg.access.log main;
error_log logs/lansgg.error.log;
root  /opt/nginx/nginx/html/lansgg;
index index.html;
location /c1.html {
rewrite /c1.html /c2.html last;
}
location /c2.html {
return 508;
}
}

server {
 listen 80 default_server;
 server_name  www.lansgg.com lansgg.com;
 access_log  logs/lansgg.access.log main;
 error_log  logs/lansgg.error.log;
 root   /opt/nginx/nginx/html/lansgg;
 index index.html;
 if ($http_host = www.lansgg.com){
 rewrite (.*) http://www.Aries.com;
 }
 }

location ~ \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|ico)$ {
   log_not_found off; #不记录404 not found 错误日志   expires 30d;
   break;  }

location ~ /(resource|mediatorModule)/ {
  root /opt/demo;
  expires max;
}

location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
}

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1000;
gzip_buffers  48k;
gzip_types  text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/html application/xml;

server {
  listen 80 default_server;
  server_name  www.lansgg.com lansgg.com;
  access_log  logs/lansgg.access.log main;
  error_log  logs/lansgg.error.log;
  root   /opt/nginx/nginx/html/lansgg;
  index index.html;
  rewrite ^/c/(.*)$ http://www.lansgg.com/cc/$1;
  }
   
[root@master lansgg]# tree
.
├── c
│ └── index.html
├── cc
│ └── index.html
├── index.html
└── it.jpg
 
2 directories, 4 files

server {
 listen 80 default_server;
 server_name  www.lansgg.com lansgg.com;
 access_log  logs/lansgg.access.log main;
 error_log  logs/lansgg.error.log;
 root   /opt/nginx/nginx/html/lansgg;
 index index.html;
 rewrite ^/c/(.*)$ /cc/$1;
 }

server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name www.lansgg.com lansgg.com;
access_log logs/lansgg.access.log main;
error_log logs/lansgg.error.log;
root  /opt/nginx/nginx/html/lansgg;
location / {
 index index.html;
 }
location /other {
proxy_pass   http://192.168.10.129/other;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 
 }
}

mkdir /var/www/html/other
echo "192.168.10.129" > /var/www/html/other/index.html

[root@client1 ~]# tail -f /var/log/httpd/access_log 
192.168.10.1 - - [06/Nov/2014:21:25:44 +0800] "GET /other/ HTTP/1.1" 200 15 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0"