[Nginx] 详解nginx服务器中的安全配置

sed -i /SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/ /etc/selinux/config
/usr/sbin/sestatus -v #查看状态

# Avoid a smurf attack
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
# Turn on protection for bad icmp error messages
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
# Turn on syncookies for SYN flood attack protection
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# Turn on and log spoofed, source routed, and redirect packets
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
# No source routed packets here
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# Turn on reverse path filtering
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
# Make sure no one can alter the routing tables
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0
# Don't act as a router
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
# Turn on execshild
kernel.exec-shield = 1
kernel.randomize_va_space = 1
# Tuen IPv6
net.ipv6.conf.default.router_solicitations = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_rtr_pref = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_pinfo = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_defrtr = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.autoconf = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.dad_transmits = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.max_addresses = 1
# Optimization for port usefor LBs
# Increase system file descriptor limit
fs.file-max = 65535
# Allow for more PIDs (to reduce rollover problems); may break some programs 32768
kernel.pid_max = 65536
# Increase system IP port limits
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 2000 65000
# Increase TCP max buffer size setable using setsockopt()
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608
# Increase Linux auto tuning TCP buffer limits
# min, default, and max number of bytes to use
# set max to at least 4MB, or higher if you use very high BDP paths
# Tcp Windows etc
net.core.rmem_max = 8388608
net.core.wmem_max = 8388608
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1

./configure –without-http_autoindex_module –without-http_ssi_module
make && make install

vim src/http/ngx_http_header_filter_module.c
 
static char ngx_http_server_string[] = “Server: nginx” CRLF;
static char ngx_http_server_full_string[] = “Server: ” NGINX_VER CRLF;
 
//更改为
 
static char ngx_http_server_string[] = “Server: Ninja Web Server” CRLF;
static char ngx_http_server_full_string[] = “Server: Ninja Web Server” CRLF;

server_tokens off

• 来自HTTP(TCP端口80)的请求
  
• 来自ICMP ping的请求
  
• ntp(端口123)的请求输出
  
• smtp(TCP端口25)的请求输出
  

client_body_buffer_size 1K;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
client_max_body_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 2 1k;

• client_body_buffer_size 1k（默认8k或16k）这个指令可以指定连接请求实体的缓冲区大小。如果连接请求超过缓存区指定的值，那么这些请求实体的整体或部分将尝试写入一个临时文件。
  
• client_header_buffer_size 1k-指令指定客户端请求头部的缓冲区大小。绝大多数情况下一个请求头不会大于1k，不过如果有来自于wap客户端的较大的cookie它可能会大于 1k，Nginx将分配给它一个更大的缓冲区，这个值可以在large_client_header_buffers里面设置。
  
• client_max_body_size 1k-指令指定允许客户端连接的最大请求实体大小，它出现在请求头部的Content-Length字段。如果请求大于指定的值，客户端将收到一个”Request Entity Too Large” (413)错误。记住，浏览器并不知道怎样显示这个错误。
  
• large_client_header_buffers-指定客户端一些比较大的请求头使用的缓冲区数量和大小。请求字段不能大于一个缓冲区大小，如果客户端发送一个比较大的头，nginx将返回”Request URI too large” (414)
  
• 同样，请求的头部最长字段不能大于一个缓冲区，否则服务器将返回”Bad request” (400)。缓冲区只在需求时分开。默认一个缓冲区大小为操作系统中分页文件大小，通常是4k或8k，如果一个连接请求最终将状态转换为keep- alive，它所占用的缓冲区将被释放。
  
• 
  

client_body_timeout  10;
client_header_timeout 10;
keepalive_timeout   5 5;
send_timeout   10;

• client_body_timeout 10;-指令指定读取请求实体的超时时间。这里的超时是指一个请求实体没有进入读取步骤，如果连接超过这个时间而客户端没有任何响应，Nginx将返回一个”Request time out” (408)错误。
  
• client_header_timeout 10;-指令指定读取客户端请求头标题的超时时间。这里的超时是指一个请求头没有进入读取步骤，如果连接超过这个时间而客户端没有任何响应，Nginx将返回一个”Request time out” (408)错误。
  
• keepalive_timeout 5 5; – 参数的第一个值指定了客户端与服务器长连接的超时时间，超过这个时间，服务器将关闭连接。参数的第二个值（可选）指定了应答头中Keep-Alive: timeout=time的time值，这个值可以使一些浏览器知道什么时候关闭连接，以便服务器不用重复关闭，如果不指定这个参数，nginx不会在应 答头中发送Keep-Alive信息。（但这并不是指怎样将一个连接“Keep-Alive”）参数的这两个值可以不相同。
  
• send_timeout 10; 指令指定了发送给客户端应答后的超时时间，Timeout是指没有进入完整established状态，只完成了两次握手，如果超过这个时间客户端没有任何响应，nginx将关闭连接。
  

### Directive describes the zone, in which the session states are stored i.e. store in slimits. ###
### 1m can handle 32000 sessions with 32 bytes/session, set to 5m x 32000 session ###
limit_zone slimits $binary_remote_addr 5m;
 
### Control maximum number of simultaneous connections for one session i.e. ###
### restricts the amount of connections from a single ip address ###
 
limit_conn slimits 5;

if ($host !~ ^(test.in|www.test.in|images.test.in)$ ) {
  return 444;
}

## Only allow these request methods ##
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$ ) {
  return 444;
}
## Do not accept DELETE, SEARCH and other methods ##

• GET方法是用来请求，如文件http://www.moqifei.com/index.php。
  
• HEAD方法是一样的，除非该服务器的GET请求无法返回消息体。
  
• POST方法可能涉及到很多东西，如储存或更新数据，或订购产品，或通过提交表单发送电子邮件。这通常是使用服务器端处理，如PHP，Perl和Python等脚本。如果你要上传的文件和在服务器处理数据，你必须使用这个方法。
  

## Block download agents ##
if ($http_user_agent ~* LWP::Simple|BBBike|wget) {
  return 403;
}

## Block some robots ##
if ($http_user_agent ~* Sosospider|YodaoBot) {
  return 403;
}

# Stop deep linking or hot linking
location /images/ {
  valid_referers none blocked www.example.com example.com;
  if ($invalid_referer) {
  return  403;
  }
}

valid_referers blocked www.example.com example.com;
 
if ($invalid_referer) {
  rewrite ^/images/uploads.*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png)$ http://www.examples.com/banned.jpg last
}

location /docs/ {
  ## block one workstation
  deny  192.168.1.1;
  ## allow anyone in 192.168.1.0/24
  allow  192.168.1.0/24;
  ## drop rest of the world
  deny  all;
}

mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd/
htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd/passwd user

### Password Protect /personal-images/ and /delta/ directories ###
location ~ /(personal-images/.*|delta/.*) {
  auth_basic “Restricted”;
  auth_basic_user_file  /usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd/passwd;
}

htpasswd -s /usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd/passwd userName

cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
cp server.key server.key.org
openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

server {
  server_name example.com;
  listen 443;
  ssl on;
  ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/server.crt;
  ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/server.key;
  access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/ssl.access.log;
  error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/ssl.error.log;
}

# Disallow dangerous functions
disable_functions = phpinfo, system, mail, exec
## Try to limit resources ##
# Maximum execution time of each script, in seconds
max_execution_time = 30
# Maximum amount of time each script may spend parsing request data
max_input_time = 60
# Maximum amount of memory a script may consume (8MB)
memory_limit = 8M
# Maximum size of POST data that PHP will accept.
post_max_size = 8M
# Whether to allow HTTP file uploads.
file_uploads = Off
# Maximum allowed size for uploaded files.
upload_max_filesize = 2M
# Do not expose PHP error messages to external users
display_errors = Off
# Turn on safe mode
safe_mode = On
# Only allow access to executables in isolated directory
safe_mode_exec_dir = php-required-executables-path
# Limit external access to PHP environment
safe_mode_allowed_env_vars = PHP_
# Restrict PHP information leakage
expose_php = Off
# Log all errors
log_errors = On
# Do not register globals for input data
register_globals = Off
# Minimize allowable PHP post size
post_max_size = 1K
# Ensure PHP redirects appropriately
cgi.force_redirect = 0
# Disallow uploading unless necessary
# Enable SQL safe mode
sql.safe_mode = On
# Avoid Opening remote files
allow_url_fopen = Off

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -i eth0 -m state –state NEW -m recent –set
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -i eth0 -m state –state NEW -m recent –update –seconds 60 –hitcount 15 -j DROP
service iptables save

find /nginx -user nginx
find /usr/local/nginx/html -user nginx

ls -l /usr/local/nginx/html/

-rw-r–r– 1 root root 925 Jan 3 00:50 error4xx.html
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 52 Jan 3 10:00 error5xx.html
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 134 Jan 3 00:52 index.html

find /nginx -name ‘.?*' -not -name .ht* -or -name ‘*~' -or -name ‘*.bak*' -or -name ‘*.old*'
find /usr/local/nginx/html/ -name ‘.?*' -not -name .ht* -or -name ‘*~' -or -name ‘*.bak*' -or -name ‘*.old*'

/sbin/iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -m owner –uid-owner vivek -p tcp –dport 80 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT