[Linux] Linux 云计算集群架构师->第十二章 硬盘介绍和磁盘管理

[root@Centos83 ~]# ls /dev/sda*
/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sda2

[root@Centos83 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
...
Command (m for help): m
Command action
 a toggle a bootable flag
 b edit bsd disklabel
 c toggle the dos compatibility flag
 d delete a partition 删除分区
 g create a new empty GPT partition table
 G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
 l list known partition types 显示分区类型
 m print this menu 打印帮助菜单
 n add a new partition 添加新的分区
 o create a new empty DOS partition table
 p print the partition table 显示分区表
 q quit without saving changes 不保存，退出
 s create a new empty Sun disklabel
 t change a partition's system id 改变分区类型
 u change display/entry units
 v verify the partition table
 w write table to disk and exit 写分区表信息到硬盘，保存操作并退出
 x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p -----打印分区表
Command (m for help): n ----新建一个分区
Partition type:
 p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) p:主分区
 e extended e:扩展分区
 Select (default p): --                  #直接默认
Using default response p
Partition number (1,4, default 1): ---          #直接默认
First sector (1230848-41943039, default 1230848): ---  #直接默认
Using default value 1230848
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1230848-41943039, default 41943039): +1G 
                            #输入分区大小
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w                 #保存退出
[root@Centos83 ~]# ls /dev/sdb*
/dev/sdb /dev/sdb1

[root@Centos83 ~]# reboot             #这个是最好的方法
[root@Centos83 ~]# partx -a /dev/sda       #获得新分区表

[root@Centos83 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1  #格式化，-f 对已经存在文件系统的分区，强制格式化
[root@Centos83 ~]# mkidr /sdb1          #创建挂载点
[root@Centos83 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb1/    #挂载
[root@Centos83 ~]# df -h            #查看
文件系统       容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs       441M   0  441M  0% /dev
tmpfs        471M   0  471M  0% /dev/shm
tmpfs        471M  7.0M  464M  2% /run
tmpfs        471M   0  471M  0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root   95G  8.8G   87G   10% /
/dev/sr0       8.7G  8.7G   0  100% /mnt
/dev/sda1       1014M  221M  794M   22% /boot
tmpfs         95M   0   95M  0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1       1014M   40M  975M  4% /sdb1

[root@Centos83 ~]# vim /etc/fstab        # 在文件最后写入
/dev/sdb1 /sdb1 xfs defaults 0 0
注释：
/dev/sdb1     /sdb1   xfs      defaults    0    0
要挂载的分区设备   挂载点   文件系统类型  挂载选项   是否备份 是否检测

[root@Centos83 ~]# blkid
/dev/sdb1: UUID="6b0eda6c-8199-4269-83ac-c925b326d981" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="ee16ad72-01"
[root@Centos83 ~]# echo "UUID=6b0eda6c-8199-4269-83ac-c925b326d981 /sdb1 xfs defaults 0 0 " >> /etc/fstab

[root@Centos83 ~]# yum -y install gdisk
[root@Centos83 ~]# gdisk /dev/sdb
。。。
Command (? for help): ? # 查看帮助
b back up GPT data to a file
c change a partition's name 
d delete a partition #删除分区
ishow detailed information on a partition
llist known partition types
n add a new partition # 添加一个分区
o create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT)
p print the partition table # 打印分区表
q quit without saving changes # 退出不保存
r recovery and transformation options (experts only)
s sort partitions
t change a partition's type code
v verify disk
w write table to disk and exit # # 写入分区表并退出
x extra functionality (experts only)
? print this menu
Command (? for help): n #新建分区表
Partition number (1-128, default 1): #直接回车
First sector (34-41943006, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
#直接回车， 从头开始划分空间
Last sector (2048-41943006, default = 41943006) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +1G 
#分配 1G 空间
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 
#分区类型默认即可
注：8300 Linux filesystem ；8e00 Linux LVM 想查看，可以按 L 来显示
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
Command (? for help): p #查看
。。。
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
 1 2048 2099199 1024.0 MiB 8300 Linux filesystem
Command (? for help): w #保存
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y #确定写入
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.
[root@Centos83 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 #格式化

[root@Centos83 ~]# gdisk /dev/sdb
……
Command (? for help): n          #新建分区
Partition number (2-128, default 2):   #回车
First sector (34-41943006, default = 2099200) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Last sector (2099200-41943006, default = 41943006) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +5G
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):   #回车
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
Command (? for help): w          #保存
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y      
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully
#格式化 swap
[root@Centos83 ~]# ls /dev/sdb*
/dev/sdb  /dev/sdb1  /dev/sdb2
[root@Centos83 ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb2
正在设置交换空间版本 1，大小 = 5 GiB (5368705024  个字节)
无标签，UUID=e6dd3f39-497c-4b43-80c3-aaf91c13355e
[root@Centos83 ~]# free -m
        total    used    free    shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:      941     273     347       6     320     512
Swap:      4095       0    4095
[root@Centos83 ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2      # 开启
[root@Centos83 ~]# free -m
        total    used    free    shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:      941     277     343       6     320     508
Swap:      9215       0    9215
[root@Centos83 ~]# swapoff /dev/sdb2    #关闭
[root@Centos83 ~]# free -m
        total    used    free    shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:      941     273     347       6     320     512
Swap:      4095       0    4095
[root@Centos83 ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2
[root@Centos83 ~]# swapon -s        #查看
文件名        类型    大小  已用  权限
/dev/dm-1                  partition  4194300  0  -2
/dev/sdb2                  partition  5242876  0  -3

[root@Centos83 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=swap_file bs=1M count=600
记录了600+0 的读入
记录了600+0 的写出
629145600 bytes (629 MB, 600 MiB) copied, 5.21921 s, 121 MB/s
[root@Centos83 ~]# ll /root/swap_file 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 629145600 7月  13 15:29 /root/swap_file
[root@Centos83 ~]# chmod 0600 /root/swap_file 
[root@Centos83 ~]# mkswap -f /root/swap_file 
正在设置交换空间版本 1，大小 = 600 MiB (629141504  个字节)
无标签，UUID=d173331b-c767-4744-93be-6a18da27d51a
[root@Centos83 ~]# swapon /root/swap_file
[root@Centos83 ~]# free -m
        total    used    free    shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:      941     277      71       5     593     511
Swap:      9815       1    9814

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