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[MySQL] 5分钟了解MySQL5.7的undo log在线收缩新特性

数据库 数据库 发布于:2021-07-03 21:37 | 阅读数:557 | 评论:0

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Part1:写在最前
在MysQL5.6版本中,可以把undo log 回滚日志分离到一个单独的表空间里;其缺点是不能回收空间大小,until MysQL5.7,but MariadDB10.1暂不支持。

本文介绍并演示MysQL5.7是如何在线收缩undo log的。


undo log日志是保存在共享表空间ibdata1文件中的,随着数据库的运行时间的不断增长,ibdata1文件会越来越大,在以往的MySQL数据库版本中,如果我们想要回收ibdata1文件所占空间,会非常的复杂和困难,必须先将mysqldump -A全库导出,然后删掉data目录,再重新对数据库进行初始化,最后导入全库备份,方可实现ibdata1的回收。
MySQL全库备份方式可参考:
http://suifu.blog.51cto.com/9167728/1758022
MySQL5.7的安装方式可参考:
http://suifu.blog.51cto.com/9167728/1855415


  首先我们需要调整my.cnf参数
innodb_undo_directory=/data/undolog
innodb_undo_tablespaces=4
innodb_undo_logs=128
innodb_max_undo_log_size=1G
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency
innodb_undo_log_truncate=1
  Warning:警告
  其中innodb_undo_directory参数要在数据库初始化时就需要写入my.cnf,否则会报如下错误:
  Expected to open 4 undo tablespaces but was able to find only 0 undo tablespaces. Set the innodb_undo_tablespaces parameter to the correct value and retry. Suggested value is 0
  

  

  

  Part2:MySQL5.7在线回收undolog
  首先对一张100万行的表进行整表更新
mysql> show variables like 'innodb_undo%';
+--------------------------+---------------+
| Variable_name      | Value     |
+--------------------------+---------------+
| innodb_undo_directory  | /data/undolog |
| innodb_undo_log_truncate | ON      |
| innodb_undo_logs     | 128       |
| innodb_undo_tablespaces  | 4       |
+--------------------------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update helei set c1=1;
Query OK, 1000000 rows affected (45.48 sec)
Rows matched: 1000000  Changed: 1000000  Warnings: 0
mysql> update helei set c2=222;
Query OK, 1000000 rows affected (43.25 sec)
Rows matched: 1000000  Changed: 1000000  Warnings: 0
mysql> update helei set c4='heleiheleiheleiheleihel';
Query OK, 1000000 rows affected (10.28 sec)
Rows matched: 1000000  Changed: 1000000  Warnings: 0
  

  

  注意undolog的日志大小
  [root@HE3 undolog]# ls -lshrt
  total 412M
  128M -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 128M Sep 26 16:56 undo004
  76M -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  76M Sep 26 16:56 undo003
  136M -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 136M Sep 26 16:56 undo001
  72M -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  72M Sep 26 16:56 undo002
  

  error.log日志
2016-09-26T23:51:06.062828Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Truncating UNDO tablespace with space identifier 1
2016-09-26T23:51:06.159077Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed truncate of UNDO tablespace with space identifier 1
2016-09-26T23:51:06.159101Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Truncating UNDO tablespace with space identifier 2
2016-09-26T23:51:06.242355Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed truncate of UNDO tablespace with space identifier 2
2016-09-26T23:51:06.242378Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Truncating UNDO tablespace with space identifier 3
2016-09-26T23:51:06.313036Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed truncate of UNDO tablespace with space identifier 3
2016-09-26T23:51:06.313060Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Truncating UNDO tablespace with space identifier 4
2016-09-26T23:51:06.403003Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed truncate of UNDO tablespace with space identifier 4
  

  ④观察物理文件
  [root@HE3 undolog]# ls -lshrt
  total 168M
  76M -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 76M Sep 26 16:56 undo003
  10M -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 10M Sep 26 16:56 undo001
  10M -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 10M Sep 26 16:56 undo004
  72M -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 72M Sep 26 16:56 undo002
  可以看到超过100M设定值的undo日志已经回收,默认为10M,undo log空间得以释放
  

  

  Part3:意义
  该功能降低了磁盘的使用率,并且可以提高诸如Xtrabackup这类物理备份软件的备份速度。
  

  

  

——总结——

MySQL5.7的undo log在线回收功能,相比MySQL5.6更加灵活和实用,DBA们再也不必因为ibdata1文件越来越大,导致磁盘空间被占、物理备份越来越慢而头疼了。由于笔者的水平有限,编写时间也很仓促,文中难免会出现一些错误或者不准确的地方,不妥之处恳请读者批评指正。


  
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