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[Android] RxJava + Retrofit源码解析

移动开发 移动开发 发布于:2022-04-26 13:22 | 阅读数:680 | 评论:0

RxJava + Retrofit怎么请求网络,具体的用法这里就不讲了,本文只讲一些重点源码。
版本如下:
okhttp             : "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.10.0",
okhttp3_integration      : "com.github.bumptech.glide:okhttp3-integration:1.4.0@aar",
retrofit             : "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.4.0",
converter_gson         : "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.3.0",
converter_scalars        : "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-scalars:2.3.0",
converter_protobuf       : "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-protobuf:2.3.0",
adapter_rxjava2        : "com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.2.0",
logging_interceptor      : "com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.10.0",
rxjava             : "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.1.12",
rxandroid            : "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.2",
一、首先关于Retrofit的初始化:
private void initRetrofit() {
  ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();
  retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
      .baseUrl(baseUrl) //设置地址
      .client(client.build()) //设置自定义的OkHttpClient
      .addConverterFactory(ProtoConverterFactory.createWithRegistry(extensionRegistry))
      .addConverterFactory(StringConverterFactory.create())
      .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create(buildGson()))
      .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create())
      .build();
  service = retrofit.create(ApiService.class);
}
.addConverterFactory(ProtoConverterFactory.createWithRegistry(extensionRegistry))
.addConverterFactory(StringConverterFactory.create())
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create(buildGson()))
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create())
添加了数据转换器与请求适配器。
Retrofit的初始化采用了Builder模式。
Retrofit.Builder()这一步,获取了一个平台,肯定就是Android()了,后面有地方会用到。
Builder(Platform platform) {
  this.platform = platform;
}
public Builder() {
  this(Platform.get());
}
class Platform {
  private static final Platform PLATFORM = findPlatform();
  static Platform get() {
  return PLATFORM;
  }
  private static Platform findPlatform() {
  try {
    Class.forName("android.os.Build");
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT != 0) {
    return new Android();
    }
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) {
  }
  try {
    Class.forName("java.util.Optional");
    return new Java8();
  } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) {
  }
  return new Platform();
  }
}
在看最后的build();方法:
public Retrofit build() {
  if (baseUrl == null) {
  throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
  }
  okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
  if (callFactory == null) {
  callFactory = new OkHttpClient();
  }
  Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;
  if (callbackExecutor == null) {
  callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
  }
  // Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
  List<CallAdapter.Factory> callAdapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.callAdapterFactories);
  callAdapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));
  // Make a defensive copy of the converters.
  List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories =
    new ArrayList<>(1 + this.converterFactories.size());
  // Add the built-in converter factory first. This prevents overriding its behavior but also
  // ensures correct behavior when using converters that consume all types.
  converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
  converterFactories.addAll(this.converterFactories);
  return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, unmodifiableList(converterFactories),
    unmodifiableList(callAdapterFactories), callbackExecutor, validateEagerly);
}
1、如果没有传入我们自定义的OkHttpClient,那么便会使用默认的。
2、如果没有设置自定义的回调执行器,那么便会是用默认的platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();点进入可以发现回调是默认在主线程中的:
static class Android extends Platform {
  @Override public Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() {
  return new MainThreadExecutor();
  }
  @Override CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(@Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) {
  if (callbackExecutor == null) throw new AssertionError();
  return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
  }
  static class MainThreadExecutor implements Executor {
  private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
  @Override public void execute(Runnable r) {
    handler.post(r);
  }
  }
}
3、把我们设置的请求适配器添加进入,然后再添加一个默认的请求适配器。
4、添加进入一个默认的数据转换器,然后再被我们设置的数据转换器添加进去。

二、初始化好Retrofit后,再来看这一句:
service = retrofit.create(ApiService.class);
ApiService是一个接口,里面方法如下:
@GET
Observable<ResponseBody> doGet(@Url String url, @HeaderMap Map<String, String> headers, @QueryMap Map<String, String> map);
这个create方法可以说是核心,它运用的是动态代理。
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Single-interface proxy creation guarded by parameter safety.
public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
  Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
  if (validateEagerly) {
  eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
  }
  return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service },
    new InvocationHandler() {
    private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
    @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args)
      throws Throwable {
      // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
      if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
      return method.invoke(this, args);
      }
      if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
      return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
      }
      ServiceMethod<Object, Object> serviceMethod =
        (ServiceMethod<Object, Object>) loadServiceMethod(method);
      OkHttpCall<Object> okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args);
      return serviceMethod.adapt(okHttpCall);
    }
    });
}
1、首先检测这是否是一个接口,只有接口才能对它进行动态代理。
2、是否需要对接口里面的方法进行初始化预加载,是的话便进行,这个与下面的有点重复,直接讲下面的。
3、return后面的语句便是动态代理的地方,它会代理接口的所有方法,也就是说,当我们调用ApiService的方法的时候,会被拦截,然后走到inoke这个方法做我们自己的操作。
关于动态代理,后面会单独讲。
4、接下来边看invoke方法:
(1)、首先判断该方法是否为Object这个类的方法,如果是,不拦截它,让他走原来的方法。
(2)、platform为Android,platform.isDefaultMethod(method)返回false,不用管它。
(3)、ServiceMethod<Object, Object> serviceMethod =(ServiceMethod<Object, Object>) loadServiceMethod(method);拿到接口的方法,对接口的方法进行解析,比如获取注解,参数之类,构造自己的serviceMethod
(4)、初始化OkHttpCall
(5)、调用serviceMethod.adapt(okHttpCall)进行请求(因为采用的是RxJava,所以这里并不会立即请求,只有被订阅的时候才会,等会会讲)

三、loadServiceMethod(method)方法:
构造自己的serviceMethod 也采用了Builder模式。
进入这个方法后,重点的一句:
result = new ServiceMethod.Builder<>(this, method).build();
先看:
Builder(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
  this.retrofit = retrofit;
  this.method = method;
  this.methodAnnotations = method.getAnnotations();
  this.parameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
  this.parameterAnnotationsArray = method.getParameterAnnotations();
}
注:我们这里以前面定义的方法来讲解:
@GET
Observable<ResponseBody> doGet(@Url String url, @HeaderMap Map<String, String> headers, @QueryMap Map<String, String> map);
1、持有retrofit与原始的method对象。
2、获取方法上的注解,获取到的为:
DSC0000.png

3、获取参数类型,获取到的为:
DSC0001.png

4、获取参数上面的的注解,获取到的为:
DSC0002.png


再看build()方法:
public ServiceMethod build() {
  callAdapter = createCallAdapter();
  responseType = callAdapter.responseType();
  if (responseType == Response.class || responseType == okhttp3.Response.class) {
  throw methodError("'"
    + Utils.getRawType(responseType).getName()
    + "' is not a valid response body type. Did you mean ResponseBody?");
  }
  responseConverter = createResponseConverter();
  for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) {
  parseMethodAnnotation(annotation);
  }
  if (httpMethod == null) {
  throw methodError("HTTP method annotation is required (e.g., @GET, @POST, etc.).");
  }
  if (!hasBody) {
  if (isMultipart) {
    throw methodError(
      "Multipart can only be specified on HTTP methods with request body (e.g., @POST).");
  }
  if (isFormEncoded) {
    throw methodError("FormUrlEncoded can only be specified on HTTP methods with "
      + "request body (e.g., @POST).");
  }
  }
  int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length;
  parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler<?>[parameterCount];
  for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p++) {
  Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p];
  if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) {
    throw parameterError(p, "Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s",
      parameterType);
  }
  Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p];
  if (parameterAnnotations == null) {
    throw parameterError(p, "No Retrofit annotation found.");
  }
  parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations);
  }
  if (relativeUrl == null && !gotUrl) {
  throw methodError("Missing either @%s URL or @Url parameter.", httpMethod);
  }
  if (!isFormEncoded && !isMultipart && !hasBody && gotBody) {
  throw methodError("Non-body HTTP method cannot contain @Body.");
  }
  if (isFormEncoded && !gotField) {
  throw methodError("Form-encoded method must contain at least one @Field.");
  }
  if (isMultipart && !gotPart) {
  throw methodError("Multipart method must contain at least one @Part.");
  }
  return new ServiceMethod<>(this);
}
1、首先获取请求适配器。
2、创建请求结果的转换器。
3、对方法上的注解进行解析。
4、构造ParameterHandler数组。
5、对一些异常的判断。

四、我们接下来对每一步进行讲解。
1、首先获取请求适配器:
private CallAdapter<T, R> createCallAdapter() {
  Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
  if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) {
  throw methodError(
    "Method return type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", returnType);
  }
  if (returnType == void.class) {
  throw methodError("Service methods cannot return void.");
  }
  Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
  try {
  //noinspection unchecked
  return (CallAdapter<T, R>) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations);
  } catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code.
  throw methodError(e, "Unable to create call adapter for %s", returnType);
  }
}
(1)、获取方法的返回类型,返回类型不能是void
(2)、获取方法上的注解。
(3)、调用retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations)方法获取请求的适配器。(我们之前设置的请求适配器都在retrofit对象中)
里面关键的一步为:
int start = callAdapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
for (int i = start, count = callAdapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
  CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = callAdapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
  if (adapter != null) {
  return adapter;
  }
}
skipPast为null,所以start为0;
遍历我们之前设置给它的请求适配器,根据返回类型与方法上的注解去找,找到了便返回。(我们这里获取到的callAdapter为RxJava2CallAdapter

2、创建请求结果的转换器:
responseConverter = createResponseConverter()
这个与获取请求的适配器的过程是类似的,因此这里就略过了。

3、解析方法上的注解:parseMethodAnnotation(annotation),我们用的是GET,所以下面会调用:
parseHttpMethodAndPath("GET", ((GET) annotation).value(), false);
我们这里value是空的,所以它只走了下面这些就返回了。
if (this.httpMethod != null) {
    throw methodError("Only one HTTP method is allowed. Found: %s and %s.",
      this.httpMethod, httpMethod);
    }
    this.httpMethod = httpMethod;
    this.hasBody = hasBody;
    if (value.isEmpty()) {
    return;
    }

4、构造ParameterHandler数组
int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length;
parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler<?>[parameterCount];
for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p++) {
  Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p];
  if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) {
  throw parameterError(p, "Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s",
    parameterType);
  }
  Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p];
  if (parameterAnnotations == null) {
  throw parameterError(p, "No Retrofit annotation found.");
  }
  parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations);
}

主要是这一个方法:
parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations);
p为序号,parameterType为方法的参数类型,parameterAnnotations为参数的注解。
里面就不细讲了,这里最终得到的是:
DSC0003.png

对于一些异常的判断就不多讲了,比如:
不能有多个带@Url注解的参数。
不能同时使用@Path与@Url注解。
被@QueryMap标注的参数类型必须是Map
@QueryMap注解的参数的key必须是String
至此,我们的ServiceMethod便构造完了。


五、我们回到代理的那个方法里面,还差两句没有解析:
OkHttpCall<Object> okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args);
return serviceMethod.adapt(okHttpCall);
主要看serviceMethod.adapt(okHttpCall)
T adapt(Call<R> call) {
  return callAdapter.adapt(call);
}
这里的callAdapter是RxJava2CallAdapter。
于是我们来到它的adapter方法:
@Override public Object adapt(Call<R> call) {
  Observable<Response<R>> responseObservable = isAsync
    ? new CallEnqueueObservable<>(call)
    : new CallExecuteObservable<>(call);
  Observable<?> observable;
  if (isResult) {
  observable = new ResultObservable<>(responseObservable);
  } else if (isBody) {
  observable = new BodyObservable<>(responseObservable);
  } else {
  observable = responseObservable;
  }
  if (scheduler != null) {
  observable = observable.subscribeOn(scheduler);
  }
  if (isFlowable) {
  return observable.toFlowable(BackpressureStrategy.LATEST);
  }
  if (isSingle) {
  return observable.singleOrError();
  }
  if (isMaybe) {
  return observable.singleElement();
  }
  if (isCompletable) {
  return observable.ignoreElements();
  }
  return observable;
}
首先我们看isAsync,这里为false,为什么呢?我们创建adapter的时候是这样的:
RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create()
public static RxJava2CallAdapterFactory create() {
  return new RxJava2CallAdapterFactory(null, false);
}
第二个参数便是isAsync
1、所以我们创建的responseObservable为CallExecuteObservable<>(call),(同步执行的类)
2、我们创建一个Observable<?> observable,这里创建的是BodyObservable<>(responseObservable),将刚刚创建的responseObservable
传进去。
3、最终将该observable传出去。
service = retrofit.create(ApiService.class);
public interface ApiService {
  @GET
  Observable<ResponseBody> doGet(@Url String url, @HeaderMap Map<String, String> headers, @QueryMap Map<String, String> map);
}
service.doGet(url, header, params?.params)
也就是说,当我们调用service.doGet的时候,会走到代理的invoke方法,然后返回一个Observable
而该Observable只有在被订阅的时候才会执行,而且我们用的是同步,所以还需要在外面自己切换到子线程执行。
当被订阅的时候,该BodyObservable会调用subscribeActual:

BodyObservable(Observable<Response<T>> upstream) {
  this.upstream = upstream;
}
@Override protected void subscribeActual(Observer<? super T> observer) {
  upstream.subscribe(new BodyObserver<T>(observer));
}

而这个upstream便是刚刚传进去的responseObservable,调用subscribe方法,最终会执行到responseObservable的subscribeActual方法。
@Override protected void subscribeActual(Observer<? super Response<T>> observer) {
  // Since Call is a one-shot type, clone it for each new observer.
  Call<T> call = originalCall.clone();
  observer.onSubscribe(new CallDisposable(call));
  boolean terminated = false;
  try {
  Response<T> response = call.execute();
  if (!call.isCanceled()) {
    observer.onNext(response);
  }
  if (!call.isCanceled()) {
    terminated = true;
    observer.onComplete();
  }
  } catch (Throwable t) {
  Exceptions.throwIfFatal(t);
  if (terminated) {
    RxJavaPlugins.onError(t);
  } else if (!call.isCanceled()) {
    try {
    observer.onError(t);
    } catch (Throwable inner) {
    Exceptions.throwIfFatal(inner);
    RxJavaPlugins.onError(new CompositeException(t, inner));
    }
  }
  }
}
我们主要看Response<T> response = call.execute();call便是我们传进来的自定义的OkHttpCall
在call.execute()里面:
.
.
.
call = rawCall;
if (call == null) {
  try {
  call = rawCall = createRawCall();
  } catch (IOException | RuntimeException | Error e) {
  throwIfFatal(e); //  Do not assign a fatal error to creationFailure.
  creationFailure = e;
  throw e;
  }
}
.
.
.
return parseResponse(call.execute());
createRawCall()获取okhttp3.Call,call.execute()便是okhttp的网络请求了。
我们主要看怎么获取okhttp3.Call,以及对请求结果的解析parseResponse方法。
private okhttp3.Call createRawCall() throws IOException {
  okhttp3.Call call = serviceMethod.toCall(args);
  if (call == null) {
  throw new NullPointerException("Call.Factory returned null.");
  }
  return call;
}
ServiceMethod里面:
/** Builds an HTTP request from method arguments. */
okhttp3.Call toCall(@Nullable Object... args) throws IOException {
  RequestBuilder requestBuilder = new RequestBuilder(httpMethod, baseUrl, relativeUrl, headers,
    contentType, hasBody, isFormEncoded, isMultipart);
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // It is an error to invoke a method with the wrong arg types.
  ParameterHandler<Object>[] handlers = (ParameterHandler<Object>[]) parameterHandlers;
  int argumentCount = args != null ? args.length : 0;
  if (argumentCount != handlers.length) {
  throw new IllegalArgumentException("Argument count (" + argumentCount
    + ") doesn't match expected count (" + handlers.length + ")");
  }
  for (int p = 0; p < argumentCount; p++) {
  handlers[p].apply(requestBuilder, args[p]);
  }
  return callFactory.newCall(requestBuilder.build());
}
方法主要是构造了request然后使用okhttp3.Call.Factory创建okhttp3.Call,而我们之前在构建ServiceMothod的构造的ParameterHandler<Object>[] handlers便参与了request的构建,主要是将之前解析到的参数,比如路径,头部信息等添加到request里面。

再看一下请求结果的解析parseResponse方法:
重点语句:
T body = serviceMethod.toResponse(catchingBody);
在看serviceMethod里面的toResponse方法:
/** Builds a method return value from an HTTP response body. */
R toResponse(ResponseBody body) throws IOException {
  return responseConverter.convert(body);
}
这里便用到了我们之前设置的数据转换器,对结果进行转换。

以上便是大概的过程了。
DSC0004.png
转载请标明:https://www.cnblogs.com/tangZH/p/13723480.html


   
   
   
                        

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