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[JavaScript] python调用shell命令小结

开发技术 开发技术 发布于:2021-06-23 22:23 | 阅读数:298 | 评论:0

在写python脚本的时候,经常需要调用系统命令,常用的python调用系统命令的方法主要有subprocess.call和os.popen。默认情况下subprocess.call的方法结果是返回值,即1或0,而os.popen则是命令运行的结果,可以用readlines(读取所有行,返回数组)或者read(读读取所有行,返回str)来读取。subprocess类总主要的方法有:subprocess.call:开启子进程,开启子进程,运行命令,默认结果是返回值,不能try  
subprocess.check_call:运行命令,默认结果是返回值,可以try  
subprocess.check_out(2.7中才有这个方法) 开启子进程,运行命令,可以获取命令结果,可以try  
subprocess.Popen 开启子进程,运行命令,没有返回值,不能try,可以获取命令结果subprocess.PIPE 初始化stdin,stdout,stderr,表示与子进程通信的标准流
Popen.poll 检查子进程是否结束,并返回returncode
Popen.wait等待子进程是否结束,并返回retrurncode
比如check_call的sample:
import subprocess
import traceback
cmd='hadoop fs -ls hdfs://xxxxx'
try:
e=subprocess.check_call(cmd,shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
print "return code is: %s"%(str(e))
#print stdout.read()
except Exception,re:
print "message is:%s" %(str(re))
traceback.print_exc()
分析subprocess的源码:
class CalledProcessError(Exception):   #首先定义了一个exception,用来在check_call和 check_output中raise exception
def __init__(self, returncode, cmd, output=None):
    self.returncode = returncode
    self.cmd = cmd
    self.output = output
  def __str__(self):
    return "Command '%s' returned non-zero exit status %d" % (self.cmd, self.returncode)
  ..........
  def call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
  return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()  #call方法调用wait
  def check_call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
  retcode = call(*popenargs, **kwargs)  #调用call,返回返回值
  if retcode:
cmd = kwargs.get("args")
    if cmd is None:
      cmd = popenargs[0]
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)  #可以抛出异常
  return 0
  def check_output(*popenargs, **kwargs):
  if 'stdout' in kwargs:
raise ValueError('stdout argument not allowed, it will be overridden.')
  process = Popen(stdout=PIPE, *popenargs, **kwargs)
  output, unused_err = process.communicate()  #获取标准输出和标准错误输出
  retcode = process.poll()   #检查子进程是否结束,并返回returncode
  if retcode:
    cmd = kwargs.get("args")
    if cmd is None:
      cmd = popenargs[0]
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd, output=output)
  return output</pre>有时候我们需要在运行命令时可以获取返回值,获取结果,并且能够try。<span style="font-family:'宋体';"></span><span style="font-family:'宋体';">可以对上面的代码进行组合<br /></span><pre class="brush:python;toolbar:false"># -*- coding: utf8 -*-
  import exceptions
  import subprocess
  import traceback
  class CalledCommandError(Exception):
  def __init__(self, returncode, cmd, errorlog,output):
self.returncode = returncode
    self.cmd = cmd
    self.output = output
    self.errorlog = errorlog
  def __str__(self):
    return "命令运行错误:'%s',返回值: %s,错误信息: %s" % (self.cmd, str(self.returncode) ,self.errorlog)
  def run_command_all(*popenargs, **kwargs):
  allresult = {}
  cmd = popenargs[0]
  if 'stdout' in kwargs or 'stderr' in kwargs :
raise ValueError('标准输出和标准错误输出已经定义,不需设置。')
  process = subprocess.Popen(stdout=subprocess.PIPE,shell=True,stderr = subprocess.PIPE,*popenargs, **kwargs)
  output, unused_err = process.communicate()
  retcode = process.poll()
  if retcode:
    #print retcode,cmd,unused_err,output
    raise CalledCommandError(cmd,retcode,errorlog=unused_err,output=output)
  allresult['cmd'] = cmd
  allresult['returncode'] = retcode
  allresult['errorlog'] = unused_err
  allresult['outdata'] = output
  return allresult
  if __name__ == '__main__':
  cmd = 'hadoop fs -ls xxxx|wc -l'
  try:
e=run_command_all(cmd)
    print "ok"
  except Exception,re:
    print (str(re))
    print "failed"
       traceback.print_exc()
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