详解nginx反向代理配置及优化

绝代码农

前言:
由于服务器apache抗不住目前的并发.加上前端squid配置后,问题依然无法解决.而页面程序大部分是动态.无法使用fastcgi来处理.因此想使用nginx做为反向代理apache.整个配置安装过程很简单.在考虑高并发的情况下,在安装前就做了些优化.目前配置能抗住3000以上并发.好像不是特别大哦?呵~~ 但足以~~ 只是还有少量499问题..期待有人跟我讨论解决
第1部分:安装
1 建立用户及组

/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

2 安装pcre 让nginx支持rewrite 方便以后所需

wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.8/
./configure
make && make install

3 安装nginx

wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.58/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron
make && make install

#注意上文中的--with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron 这是编译器优化,目前最常用的是-02 而不是3.后面对应CPU的型号,可参照:http://wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG
第2部分:配置及优化配置文件
1 nginx.conf 配置文件:

user  www www;
worker_processes 4;
 
# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]
error_log  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
pid    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
   use epoll;
   worker_connections 51200;
}
 
http
{
   include     mime.types;
   default_type  application/octet-stream;
   source_charset GB2312;
   server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;
   client_header_buffer_size 256k;
   large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;
 
   #size limits
   client_max_body_size     50m;
   client_body_buffer_size  256k;
   client_header_timeout   3m;
   client_body_timeout 3m;
   send_timeout     3m;
#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误   
   sendfile on;
   tcp_nopush   on;
   keepalive_timeout 120; #参数加大,以解决做代理时502错误
   tcp_nodelay on;
  
   include      vhosts/upstream.conf;
   include      vhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf; 
 
}

2 upstream.conf 配置文件(这也是做负载的配置方法)

upstream.conf
    upstream bbs.linuxtone.com {
     server 192.168.1.4:8099;
     }

3 站点配置文件

bbs.linuxtone.conf
server
   {
    listen     80;
    server_name  bbs.linuxtone.conf;
    charset GB2312;
    index index.html index.htm;
    root  /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;
 
    location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ {
      stub_status on;
      access_log off;
     }
 
   location / {
     root  /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;
     proxy_redirect off ;
     proxy_set_header Host $host;
     proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
     proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
     client_max_body_size 50m;
     client_body_buffer_size 256k;
     proxy_connect_timeout 30;
     proxy_send_timeout 30;
     proxy_read_timeout 60;
     proxy_buffer_size 256k;
     proxy_buffers 4 256k;
     proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
     proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
     proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
     proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
     proxy_pass  http://bbs.linuxtone.com;
    }

#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误

#Add expires header for static content
   location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {
   if (-f $request_filename) {
     root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/;
     expires    1d;
     break;
    }
   }
 
   log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
             '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
             '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
  access_log  /exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.log  access;
  
}

注:第二种代理方式
nginx 处理下图片,html等静态的东西.其它动态由apache处理.因此apache也需要做一些参数调整.
设置图片等过期时间.缓解请求.
如果源与nginx在同一台机器建议使用如下方法:

location / {
    proxy_pass  http://192.168.1.4:8099/;
    proxy_redirect default ;
    }

针对不同的目录进行代理把下面的配置放到根目录代理的上面

location /linuxtone/ {
    proxy_pass  http://192.168.1.4:8099/linuxtone/;
    proxy_redirect default ;
 }

4 源配置

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.4:8099>
  ServerAdmin liuyu105#gmail.com
  DocumentRoot /date/wwwroot/linuxtone
  ServerName bbs.linuxtone.com
  ErrorLog logs/linuxtone_error_log
   CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog logs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d" combined
</VirtualHost>

第3部分:源的优化
1 apache-mpm.conf

<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
  StartServers      15
  MinSpareServers     15
  MaxSpareServers    30
  ServerLimit     2536
  MaxClients      2048
  MaxRequestsPerChild   1500
</IfModule>

2 apache-keepalive

Timeout 120  #与nginx的保持一至
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 400
KeepAliveTimeout 7

第4部分:PHP的优化
优化一:将PHP由之前的xcache换成eaccelerator
1 安装

wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config
make
make install

注:PHP路径以安装为准!
2 配置

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\n#' /etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /etc/php.ini

配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

优化二:联系开发重新编译php减少php的模块.以减少php进程所占用内存数.这块尽管影响不大,但也有一定的作用.编译前也可以参照nginx的编译器优化方式安装.
第5部分:测试并启动nginx

ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

第6部分:nginx日志切割脚本

#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
 
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/exp/nginxlogs/"
 
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}bbs.linuxtone_access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/bbs.linuxtone_access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

crontab -e
00 00 * * * /bin/bash    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接：http://liuyu.blog.51cto.com/183345/166381/