Linux中误删除数据文件和归档日志的恢复方法

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Linux误删除数据文件和归档日志的恢复方法，需要的朋友可以参考下
误删除前，归档日志2个，用户数据4480064条

[oracle@station90 datafile]$ sqlplus /nolog 
SQL> conn hr/hr 
Connected. 
SQL> host ls -l /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_01_17/*.arc 
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 50048000 Jan 17 16:56 /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_01_17/o1_mf_1_5_8hhh5hhp_.arc 
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 50049536 Jan 17 16:56 /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_01_17/o1_mf_1_6_8hhh5x0t_.arc 
SQL> select count(*) from test; 
COUNT(*) 
---------- 
4480064

2、用户继续插入200w条数据，归档日志最终是3个

SQL> insert into test select * from test where rownum<=2000000; 
2000000 rows created. 
SQL> commit; 
Commit complete. 
SQL> host ls -l /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_01_17/*.arc 
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 50048000 Jan 17 16:56 /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_01_17/o1_mf_1_5_8hhh5hhp_.arc 
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 50049536 Jan 17 16:56 /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_01_17/o1_mf_1_6_8hhh5x0t_.arc 
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 50049024 Jan 17 17:08 /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_01_17/o1_mf_1_7_8hhhx0h7_.arc

3、删除所有的归档日志，其中一个归档是新插入了200w记录产生的归档

SQL> host rm /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_01_17/*.arc 
SQL> host ls -l /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_01_17/*.arc 
ls: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_01_17/*.arc: No such file or directory

4、最终test的数据量是6480064

SQL> select count(*) from test; 
COUNT(*) 
---------- 
6480064

5、删除users表空间下的所有数据文件

SQL> conn /as sysdba 
Connected. 
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='USERS'; 
FILE_NAME 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_5qd5zcsh_.dbf 
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/users01.dbf 
SQL> host rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_5qd5zcsh_.dbf 
SQL> host rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/users01.dbf

5、在Users表空间创建表，报错了

SQL> conn hr/hr 
Connected. 
SQL> create table test33 (a number); 
create table test33 (a number) 
* 
ERROR at line 1: 
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 4 
ORA-01110: data file 4: 
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_5qd5zcsh_.dbf' 
ORA-27041: unable to open file 
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory 
Additional information: 3 
SQL> quit 
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

5、查看dbwr进程PID

[oracle@station90 ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_dbw | grep -v grep 
oracle 9878 1 0 16:20 ? 00:00:02 ora_dbw0_orcl

6、dbwr进程会打开所有数据文件的句柄。在/proc目录中可以查到，目录名是进程PID，fd表示文件描述符

[oracle@station90 ~]$ cd /proc/9878/fd 
[oracle@station90 fd]$ ls -l 
total 0 
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 0 -> /dev/null 
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 1 -> /dev/null 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 10 -> /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump/ora_9870.aud 
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 11 -> /dev/zero 
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 12 -> /dev/zero 
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 13 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 14 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 15 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORCL 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 16 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_5qd60qj5_.ctl 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 17 -> /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_5qd60qq6_.ctl 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 18 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_5qd5zcop_.dbf 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 19 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_5qd5zcrn_.dbf 
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 2 -> /dev/null 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 20 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_5qd5zcot_.dbf 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 21 -> socket:[138219] 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 22 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_5qd616wf_.dbf 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 23 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_5qd614y5_.tmp 
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 24 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 25 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_5qd5zcsh_.dbf (deleted) 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 26 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/users01.dbf (deleted) 
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 3 -> /dev/null 
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 4 -> /dev/null 
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 5 -> /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_9870.trc 
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 6 -> /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 7 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkinstorcl (deleted) 
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 8 -> /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 9 -> /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_orcl.dat 
[oracle@station90 fd]$ ls -l | grep users 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 25 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_5qd5zcsh_.dbf (deleted) 
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Jan 17 17:11 26 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/users01.dbf (deleted) 
注意其中"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_5qd5zcsh_.dbf(deleted) "字样，表示该文件已经被删除

7、直接cp该句柄文件名回原位置

[oracle@station90fd]$cp25 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_5qd5zcsh_.dbf 
[oracle@station90 fd]$ cp 26 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/users01.dbf

8、恢复数据文件

[oracle@station90 fd]$ sqlplus /nolog 
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jan 17 17:12:27 2013 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. 
SQL> conn /as sysdba 
Connected. 
SQL> select file_id,file_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='USERS'; 
FILE_ID 
---------- 
FILE_NAME 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
4 
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_5qd5zcsh_.dbf 
6 
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/users01.dbf 

SQL> alter database datafile 4 offline; 
Database altered. 
SQL> recover datafile 4; 
Media recovery complete. 
SQL> alter database datafile 4 online; 
Database altered. 
SQL> alter database datafile 6 offline; 
Database altered. 
SQL> recover datafile 6; 
Media recovery complete. 
SQL> alter database datafile 6 online; 
Database altered.

9、数据完全恢复

SQL> conn hr/hr 
Connected. 
SQL> select count(*) from test; 
COUNT(*) 
---------- 
6480064

恢复的原理是，在Linux操作系统中，如果文件从操作系统级别被rm掉，之前打开该文件的进程仍然持有相应的文件句柄，所指向的文件仍然可以读写，并且该文件的文件描述符可以从/proc目录中获得。但是要注意的是，此时如果关闭数据库，则此句柄会消失，那么除了扫描磁盘进行文件恢复之外就没有其它方法了，因此在数据库出现问题的时候，如果不确认情况的复杂程度，千万不要随便关闭数据库。重启数据库往往是没有意义的，甚至是致命的，
另外，若控制文件被rm了，通过这种方式是无法恢复的,
同时，通过linux的rm删除了数据文件，甚至连归档日志都全部删除了，只要数据库没有崩溃，dbw0进程还在，就可以将数据完全恢复，和是否有归档日志没有关系，但是和是否开启了归档是有区别的
参考盖国强的链接：
http://www.eygle.com/archives/2011/12/oracle_linux_rm_rf.html
51cto博文索引，共同进步
http://lhf507.blog.51cto.com/5489375/1112400