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[MySQL] ansible的条件判断、迭代执行、tags

数据库 数据库 发布于:2021-07-03 21:40 | 阅读数:519 | 评论:0

  在ansible中支持条件判断,这使我们操作更加灵活
  使用when进行条件测试
  示例1:
  将 testservers 组中的其中一台主机上的 httpd 服务卸载掉,另外主机不卸载
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'rpm -q httpd'
192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >>
httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.x86_64
192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >>
httpd-2.2.15-47.el6.centos.3.x86_64
[root@node1 ansible]# cat http.yml 
- hosts: testservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  - name: uninstall httpd service
  yum: name=httpd state=absent
  when: ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com"
  
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook http.yml 
PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [192.168.100.131]
ok: [192.168.100.132]
TASK: [uninstall httpd service] *********************************************** 
skipping: [192.168.100.132]
changed: [192.168.100.131]
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
192.168.100.131      : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0   
192.168.100.132      : ok=1  changed=0  unreachable=0  failed=0   
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'rpm -q httpd'
192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >>
httpd-2.2.15-47.el6.centos.3.x86_64
192.168.100.131 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
package httpd is not installed
[root@node1 ansible]#
  示例2:
  也可以使用 or 进行 或 判断,这里将组内的两台主机的 httpd 服务都卸载,
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'rpm -q httpd'
192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >>
httpd-2.2.15-47.el6.centos.3.x86_64
192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >>
httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.x86_64
[root@node1 ansible]# cat http.yml 
- hosts: testservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  - name: uninstall httpd service
  yum: name=httpd state=absent
  when: (ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com") or ( ansible_all_ipv4_addresses[0] == '192.168.100.132')
  
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook http.yml 
PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [192.168.100.131]
ok: [192.168.100.132]
TASK: [uninstall httpd service] *********************************************** 
changed: [192.168.100.131]
changed: [192.168.100.132]
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
192.168.100.131      : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0   
192.168.100.132      : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0   
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'rpm -q httpd'
192.168.100.131 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
package httpd is not installed
192.168.100.132 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
package httpd is not installed
[root@node1 ansible]#
保存结果
  几乎所有的模块都是会outputs一些东西,甚至debug模块也会.大多数我们会使用的结果变量是changed.这个changed变量决定了是否要直接handlers和输出的颜色是什么.然而,结果变量还有其他的用途,譬如我需要保存我的结果变量,然后在我们的playbook的其他地方使用.
  示例:
  分别在一台主机上创建一个目录,另外主机不存在此目录,根据此目录的存在情况,做出不同操作
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'ls -l /nono'
192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >>
total 0
192.168.100.132 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: cannot access /nono: No such file or directory
[root@node1 ansible]# cat re.yml 
- hosts: testservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
   - name: ls /nono
   shell: /bin/ls /nono
   register: result
   ignore_errors: True
   - name: test result
   copy: content="ok" dest=/tmp/test
   when: result.rc == 0
   - name: test no result
   copy: content="no ok" dest=/tmp/test
   when: result.rc != 0
   
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook re.yml 
PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [192.168.100.131]
ok: [192.168.100.132]
TASK: [ls /nono] ************************************************************** 
changed: [192.168.100.131]
failed: [192.168.100.132] => {"changed": true, "cmd": "/bin/ls /nono", "delta": "0:00:00.004437", "end": "2016-03-02 12:56:55.409736", "rc": 2, "start": "2016-03-02 12:56:55.405299", "warnings": []}
stderr: /bin/ls: cannot access /nono: No such file or directory
...ignoring
TASK: [test result] *********************************************************** 
skipping: [192.168.100.132]
ok: [192.168.100.131]
TASK: [test no result] ******************************************************** 
skipping: [192.168.100.131]
ok: [192.168.100.132]
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
192.168.100.131      : ok=3  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0   
192.168.100.132      : ok=3  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0   
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'ls -l /tmp/test'
192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2 Mar  2 12:55 /tmp/test
192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Mar  2 12:55 /tmp/test
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'cat /tmp/test'
192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >>
ok
192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >>
no ok
[root@node1 ansible]#
  ansible 中的循环操作:
  当有需要重复性执行的任务时,可以使用迭代机制,格式为:将需要迭代的内容定义为Item变量引用,并通过with_items 语句来指明迭代的元素列表即可
  示例1、
  在 testservers 组中一台主机上安装lamp
[root@node1 ansible]# cat item.yml 
- hosts: testservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
   - name: yum install lamp
   yum: name=`item` state=present
   with_items:
     - httpd
     - mysql-server
     - php
   when: (ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com")
[root@node1 ansible]#
  上面的语句等同于:
- hosts: testservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  - name: install httpd
  yum: name=httpd state=present
  when: (ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com")
  - name: install mysql-server
  yum: name=mysql-server state=present
  when: (ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com")
  - name: install php
  yum: name=php state=present
  when: (ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com")
  上面的语句 hash 方式编写也可以,等同于如下:
- hosts: testservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
   - name: install httpd
   yum: name=`item`.`name` state=`item`.`state`
   when: (ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com")
   with_items:
    - {name: 'httpd', state: 'present'}
    - {name: 'mysql-server', state: 'present'}
    - {name: 'php', state: 'present'}
  开始执行:
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook item.yml 
PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [192.168.100.131]
ok: [192.168.100.132]
TASK: [yum install lamp] ****************************************************** 
skipping: [192.168.100.132]
changed: [192.168.100.131] => (item=httpd,mysql-server,php)
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
192.168.100.131      : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0   
192.168.100.132      : ok=1  changed=0  unreachable=0  failed=0
  ansible 的 tags 功能

  ansible的playbool中有一个关键字,叫做tags。tags是什么?就是打标签。tags可以和一个play(就是很多个task)或者一个task进行捆绑。然后,ansible-playbook提供了“--skip-tags”和“--tags” 来指明是跳过特定的tags还是执行特定的tags。
  示例 1、
[root@node1 ansible]# cat tag.yml
- hosts: testservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
   - name: echo A1
   command: echo A1
   tags:
    - A1
   - name: echo A2
   command: echo A2
   tags:
    - A2
   - name: echo A3
   command: echo A3
   tags:
    - A3
  当执行  ansible-playbook tag.yml --tags="A1,A3  ,则只会执行A1和A3的echo命令。
  如下:
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook tag.yml --tags="A1,A3"
PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [192.168.100.131]
ok: [192.168.100.132]
TASK: [echo A1] *************************************************************** 
changed: [192.168.100.131]
changed: [192.168.100.132]
TASK: [echo A3] *************************************************************** 
changed: [192.168.100.131]
changed: [192.168.100.132]
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
192.168.100.131      : ok=3  changed=2  unreachable=0  failed=0   
192.168.100.132      : ok=3  changed=2  unreachable=0  failed=0
  当执行  ansible-playbook tag.yml --skip-tags="A2" ,同样只会执行 A1和A3的echo命令。
  如下:
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook tag.yml --skip-tags="A2"
PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [192.168.100.131]
ok: [192.168.100.132]
TASK: [echo A1] *************************************************************** 
changed: [192.168.100.132]
changed: [192.168.100.131]
TASK: [echo A3] *************************************************************** 
changed: [192.168.100.131]
changed: [192.168.100.132]
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
192.168.100.131      : ok=3  changed=2  unreachable=0  failed=0   
192.168.100.132      : ok=3  changed=2  unreachable=0  failed=0
  示例 2 、
  我们安装 httpd 服务的流程为 安装服务、copy文件、启动服务、如果配置有变化就重启服务,
[root@node1 ansible]# cat http.yml 
- hosts: testservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  - name: install httpd package
  yum: name=httpd state=present
  - name: start httpd service
  service: name=httpd enabled=true state=started
  - name: copy config file
  copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  notify:
     restart httpd service
  tags:
   - modify
  handlers:
   - name: restart httpd service
   service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@node1 ansible]#
  当我们的配置文件有修改的时候,可以指定tags,这样就会只执行copy config file 任务,前面就不会再执行
  结果如下:
  
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook http.yml --tags=modify
PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ 
GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [192.168.100.131]
ok: [192.168.100.132]
TASK: [copy config file] ****************************************************** 
changed: [192.168.100.131]
changed: [192.168.100.132]
NOTIFIED: [restart httpd service] ********************************************* 
changed: [192.168.100.131]
changed: [192.168.100.132]
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
192.168.100.131      : ok=3  changed=2  unreachable=0  failed=0   
192.168.100.132      : ok=3  changed=2  unreachable=0  failed=0
  特殊 tags
  系统中内置的特殊tags:
  always、tagged、untagged、all 是四个系统内置的tag,有自己的特殊意义
  always: 指定这个tag 后,task任务将永远被执行,而不用去考虑是否使用了--skip-tags标记
  tagged: 当 --tags 指定为它时,则只要有tags标记的task都将被执行,--skip-tags效果相反
  untagged: 当 --tags 指定为它时,则所有没有tag标记的task 将被执行,--skip-tags效果相反
  all: 这个标记无需指定,ansible-playbook 默认执行的时候就是这个标记.所有task都被执行
  


  
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