Centos7.1 for MySQL5.6.30源码安装及多实例配置

江南才子

预备工作：
    OS：Centos7.1

    DATABASE: mysql-5.6.30.tar.gz
        wget http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.30.tar.gz
1. 创建mysql帐号
    创建用户和用户组

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql  
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost ~]# passwd mysql

2.验证安装包
  解压mysql源码包mysql-5.6.30.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql-5.6/
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.30.tar.gz -C /opt/mysql-5.6 
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/mysql-5.6/

     验证之前是否安装过mysql，若存在mysql相关包，则rpm -e逐个删除（建议先删devel包，再mysql包，最后强制删除libs包,centos 7默认为中为mariadb.*，依次删除）

[root@localhost mysql-5.6]# rpm -qa|grep mysql

      再验证以下编译必备安装包是否安装：
gcc* gcc-c++* cmake autoconf* automake* zlib* ncurses-devel* libtool* bison

      当缺少相关安装包时，需要通过rpm -ivh ***.rpm或yum install RPM_NAME安装
3.源码编译过程

[root@localhost mysql-5.6]# cmake .
   -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.6  #安装目录
   -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1   #支持InnoDB引擎
   -DWITH-READLINE=1 #支持快捷键
   -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all  #安装所有字符集
   -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1  #从本地导入数据
   -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 #编译Embedded Mysql库
   -DWITH_SSL=bundled  #
   -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  #默认字符集
[root@localhost mysql-5.6]# make
[root@localhost mysql-5.6]# make install
[root@localhost mysql-5.6]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.6 /usr/local/mysql

4.创建mysql数据目录及/etc/my.cnf
        数据存放目录，默认为basedir下的data目录（实际场景下，建议mount专用盘作为data）：

[root@localhost mysql-5.6]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data1
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql
[root@localhost  mysql]#  chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket =/opt/mysql/data1/mysqld.sock
[mysqld_safe]
user = mysql
nice = 0
[mysqld]
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/mysql/data1/mysqld.pid
socket = /opt/mysql/data1/mysqld.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/mysql/data1/
tmpdir = /opt/mysql/data1/
log-error = /opt/mysql/data1/mysqld.log
slow_query_log =1
slow_query_log_file = /opt/mysql/data1/mysql-slow.log
log_bin = /opt/mysql/data1/mysql-bin.log
[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet = 16M
default-character-set = utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

4.初始化mysql
建议进入/usr/local/mysql目录下，通过以下方式进行初始化，否则可能会报错

[root@localhost  mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost  mysql]# ./bin/mysql_secure_installation

5.将mysql服务加入init.d管理
建议进入/usr/local/mysql目录下，通过以下方式进行初始化，否则可能会报错

[root@localhost  mysql]# cp ./bin/mysql /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@localhost  mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@localhost  mysql]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@localhost  mysql]# chkconfig --list

同时更改环境变量 vi ~/.bash_profile,在PATH变量后添加:/usr/local/mysql/bin
6.启动mysql服务的几种方式
mysqld与mysqld_safe的区别在于mysqld_safe宕机后仍能重启

[root@localhost mysql]# service mysql start

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

Mysql多实例安装
    多实例的几个好处：mysql多实例共用同一个mysql程序，但是使用不同的配置文件(可以相同)及端口(必须不同)来启动程序，数据文件存放在不同的文件夹中。这些多实例任务相互独立， 可以有效的利用资源，实现资源的逻辑隔离。
   

    上述1-6歩主要安装了使用3306端口的实例，我们同样可以生成其他端口的实例。这里我们通过以下步骤安装3310端口的MySQL实例。


1.创建使用3310端口的mysql数据目录及/etc/my3310.cnf

[root@localhost mysql-5.6]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data2
[root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/my3010.cnf
[client]
port = 3310
socket =/opt/mysql/data2/mysqld.sock
[mysqld_safe]
user = mysql
nice = 0
[mysqld]
port = 3310
pid-file = /opt/mysql/data2/mysqld.pid
socket = /opt/mysql/data2/mysqld.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/mysql/data2/
tmpdir = /opt/mysql/data2/
log-error = /opt/mysql/data2/mysqld.log
slow_query_log =1
slow_query_log_file = /opt/mysql/data2/mysql-slow.log
log_bin = /opt/mysql/data2/mysql-bin.log
[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet = 16M
default-character-set = utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

2.初始化使用3310端口的mysql
建议进入/usr/local/mysql目录下，通过以下方式进行初始化，否则可能会报错

[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my3310.cnf
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysql_secure_installation  --defaults-file=/etc/my3310.cnf

3.编辑多实例mysql的配置文件

[root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/mysql_multi.cnf
  
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
[mysqld3306]
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/mysql/data1/mysqld.pid
socket = /opt/mysql/data1/mysqld.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/mysql/data1/
tmpdir = /opt/mysql/data1/
log-error = /opt/mysql/data1/mysqld.log
slow_query_log =1
slow_query_log_file = /opt/mysql/data1/mysql-slow.log
log_bin = /opt/mysql/data1/mysql-bin.log
[mysqld3310]
[client]
port = 3310
socket =/opt/mysql/data2/mysqld.sock
[mysqld_safe]
user = mysql
nice = 0
[mysqld]
port = 3310
pid-file = /opt/mysql/data2/mysqld.pid
socket = /opt/mysql/data2/mysqld.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/mysql/data2/
tmpdir = /opt/mysql/data2/
log-error = /opt/mysql/data2/mysqld.log
slow_query_log =1
slow_query_log_file = /opt/mysql/data2/mysql-slow.log
log_bin = /opt/mysql/data2/mysql-bin.log
[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet  = 16M
default-character-set  = utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

4.启动mysql多实例

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/etc/mysql_multi.cnf start 3306
[root@localhost  mysql]#  mysqld_multi  --defaults-file=/etc/mysql_multi.cnf start 3310