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k8s中负载均衡器【ingress-nginx】部署

网络安全 网络安全 发布于:2021-07-08 09:00 | 阅读数:486 | 评论:0

  在Kubernetes中,服务和Pod的IP地址仅可以在集群网络内部使用,对于集群外的应用是不可见的。为了使外部的应用能够访问集群内的服务,在Kubernetes 目前 提供了以下几种方案:

  •   NodePort
  •   LoadBalancer
  •   Ingress
  本节主要就ingress和ingress控制器ingress-nginx-controller的部署作简单介绍和记录。
  以下系统组件版本:
  云服务器:centos版本7.6.1810、k8s版本1.15.0、docker版本18.06.1-ce、ingress-nginx-controller版本0.25.0
  Ingress

  •   Ingress 组成?


  •   将Nginx的配置抽象成一个Ingress对象,每添加一个新的服务只需写一个新的Ingress的yaml文件即可


  •   将新加入的Ingress转化成Nginx的配置文件并使之生效


  •   ingress controller
  •   ingress服务


  •   Ingress 工作原理?
  •   ingress controller通过和kubernetes api交互,动态的去感知集群中ingress规则变化,
  •   然后读取它,按照自定义的规则,规则就是写明了哪个域名对应哪个service,生成一段nginx配置,
  •   再写到nginx-ingress-controller的pod里,这个Ingress controller的pod里运行着一个Nginx服务,控制器会把生成的nginx配置写入/etc/nginx.conf文件中,
  •   然后reload一下使配置生效。
    以此达到域名分配置和动态更新的问题。


  •   Ingress 可以解决什么问题?
  •   动态配置服务
    如果按照传统方式, 当新增加一个服务时, 我们可能需要在流量入口加一个反向代理指向我们新的服务. 而如果用了Ingress, 只需要配置好这个服务, 当服务启动时, 会自动注册到Ingress的中, 不需要而外的操作.
  •   减少不必要的端口暴露
    配置过k8s的都清楚, 第一步是要关闭防火墙的, 主要原因是k8s的很多服务会以NodePort方式映射出去, 这样就相当于给宿主机打了很多孔, 既不安全也不优雅. 而Ingress可以避免这个问题, 除了Ingress自身服务可能需要映射出去, 其他服务都不要用NodePort方式


  •   Ingress当前的实现方式?  
DSC0000.jpeg

  ingress-nginx-controller
  目前最新版本的ingress-nginx-controller,用lua实现了当upstream变化时不用reload,大大减少了生产环境中由于服务的重启、升级引起的IP变化导致的nginx reload。
  以下就ingress-nginx-controller的部署做简单记录:
  yaml如下:

  •  
kubectl apply -f {如下文件}

  •  
apiVersion: v1kind: Namespacemetadata:  name: ingress-nginx  labels:  app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx---kind: ConfigMapapiVersion: v1metadata:  name: nginx-configuration  namespace: ingress-nginx  labels:  app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx---kind: ConfigMapapiVersion: v1metadata:  name: tcp-services  namespace: ingress-nginx  labels:  app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx---kind: ConfigMapapiVersion: v1metadata:  name: udp-services  namespace: ingress-nginx  labels:  app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx---apiVersion: v1kind: ServiceAccountmetadata:  name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount  namespace: ingress-nginx  labels:  app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1kind: ClusterRolemetadata:  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole  labels:  app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginxrules:  - apiGroups:    - ""  resources:    - configmaps    - endpoints    - nodes    - pods    - secrets  verbs:    - list    - watch  - apiGroups:    - ""  resources:    - nodes  verbs:    - get  - apiGroups:    - ""  resources:    - services  verbs:    - get    - list    - watch  - apiGroups:    - ""  resources:    - events  verbs:    - create    - patch  - apiGroups:    - "extensions"    - "networking.k8s.io"  resources:    - ingresses  verbs:    - get    - list    - watch  - apiGroups:    - "extensions"    - "networking.k8s.io"  resources:    - ingresses/status  verbs:    - update---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1kind: Rolemetadata:  name: nginx-ingress-role  namespace: ingress-nginx  labels:  app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginxrules:  - apiGroups:    - ""  resources:    - configmaps    - pods    - secrets    - namespaces  verbs:    - get  - apiGroups:    - ""  resources:    - configmaps  resourceNames:    # Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>"    # Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>"    # This has to be adapted if you change either parameter    # when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.    - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"  verbs:    - get    - update  - apiGroups:    - ""  resources:    - configmaps  verbs:    - create  - apiGroups:    - ""  resources:    - endpoints  verbs:    - get---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1kind: RoleBindingmetadata:  name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding  namespace: ingress-nginx  labels:  app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginxroleRef:  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io  kind: Role  name: nginx-ingress-rolesubjects:  - kind: ServiceAccount  name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount  namespace: ingress-nginx---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1kind: ClusterRoleBindingmetadata:  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding  labels:  app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginxroleRef:  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io  kind: ClusterRole  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrolesubjects:  - kind: ServiceAccount  name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount  namespace: ingress-nginx---apiVersion: apps/v1kind: Deploymentmetadata:  name: nginx-ingress-controller  namespace: ingress-nginx  labels:  app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginxspec:  replicas: 1  selector:  matchLabels:    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx  template:  metadata:    labels:    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx    annotations:    prometheus.io/port: "10254"    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"  spec:    serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount    containers:    - name: nginx-ingress-controller      image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.25.0      args:      - /nginx-ingress-controller      - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration      - --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services      - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services      - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx      - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io      securityContext:      allowPrivilegeEscalation: true      capabilities:        drop:        - ALL        add:        - NET_BIND_SERVICE      # www-data -> 33      runAsUser: 33      env:      - name: POD_NAME        valueFrom:        fieldRef:          fieldPath: metadata.name      - name: POD_NAMESPACE        valueFrom:        fieldRef:          fieldPath: metadata.namespace      ports:      - name: http        containerPort: 80      - name: https        containerPort: 443      livenessProbe:      failureThreshold: 3      httpGet:        path: /healthz        port: 10254        scheme: HTTP      initialDelaySeconds: 10      periodSeconds: 10      successThreshold: 1      timeoutSeconds: 10      readinessProbe:      failureThreshold: 3      httpGet:        path: /healthz        port: 10254        scheme: HTTP      periodSeconds: 10      successThreshold: 1      timeoutSeconds: 10---
  在墙内会拉取不到以下镜像:

  •  
quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.25.0
  可以使用国内阿里云镜像:

  •  
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:0.25.0
  安装后,在ingress-nginx命名空间下可以看到pod一直pending,describe pod报如下警告:
DSC0001.jpeg

  查看master节点默认加了污点,一般不允许pod调度到master节点:
DSC0002.jpeg

  如果k8s集群只有一个节点,可以在pod的spec下设置容忍该污点:
DSC0003.jpeg

  即:

  •  
spec:            tolerations:    - effect: NoSchedule    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
  可以看到ingress-nginx pod被调度到master节点,且变为Running
DSC0004.png

  看日志报以下警告:

  •  
W0714 13:31:04.883127     6 queue.go:130] requeuing &ObjectMeta{Name:sync status,GenerateName:,Namespace:,SelfLink:,UID:,ResourceVersion:,Generation:0,CreationTimestamp:0001-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC,DeletionTimestamp:<nil>,DeletionGracePeriodSeconds:nil,Labels:map[string]string{},Annotations:map[string]string{},OwnerReferences:[],Finalizers:[],ClusterName:,Initializers:nil,ManagedFields:[],}, err services "ingress-nginx" not found
  需要创一个名为ingress-nginx的service:

  •  
kubectl apply -f {如下文件}

  •  
kind: ServiceapiVersion: v1metadata:  name: ingress-nginx  namespace: ingress-nginx  labels:  app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginxspec:  externalTrafficPolicy: Local  type: LoadBalancer  selector:  app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx  ports:  - name: http    port: 80    targetPort: http  - name: https    port: 443    targetPort: https
  参考:
  ingress deploy
  https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/blob/master/docs/deploy/index.md
  Taint和Toleration(污点和容忍)
  https://jimmysong.io/kubernetes-handbook/concepts/taint-and-toleration.html
  k8s 1.12部署ingress-nginx
  https://www.jianshu.com/p/e30b06906b77
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