Python的系统管理_09_python_email处理

太阳不下山

E-mail解析：包含header和body:header 包含控制数据：寄件人、目的地、信息的标题，body包含信息本身。下面是邮件程序用到header的几种情况：1.From header 可以向用户表明邮件的发件人，它也经常被用在客户点击“回复”按钮的时候。新的邮件被发送到Form header中的地址：2.Reply-To header 可以设置一个回复的替换地址：3.Subject header 用于显示邮箱摘要4.Date header 可以被用来按照到达时间分类邮箱；5.Message-ID 和 In-Reply-To header 可以帮助某些邮件程序实现线索（threading,分层次地排列邮件）；6.MIME header 可以帮助邮件程序以合适的语言、格式来显示邮件，它们也用来处理附件。一般实例：trad_gen_simple.py

#!/usr/bin/env pythonTraditional Message Generation , SimpleTrad_gen_simple.py
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
message = ''' Hello,
This is a test message form Traditional Message!
-- Anonymous '''
msg = MIMEText(message)
msg['To'] = 'recipient@example.com'
msg['From'] = 'Test Sender <sender@example.com>'
msg['Subject'] = 'Test Message ,'
print msg.as_string()

添加Date和Message-ID headerDate header 一种为E-mail专门设置的格式，email.Utils.formatdate()函数来产生。为新邮件添加一个Message-ID header，就不和世界其他邮件Message-ID重复，产生函数: email.Utils.make_msgid()实例： trad_gen_newhdrs.py

#!/usr/bin/env pythonTraditional Message Generation with Date and Message-IDTrad_gen_newhdrs.py
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email import Utils
message = ''' Hello,
This is a test message form Traditional Message!
-- Anonymous '''
msg = MIMEText(message)
msg['To'] = 'recipient@example.com'
msg['From'] = 'Test Sender <sender@example.com>'
msg['Subject'] = 'Test Message ,'
msg['Date'] = Utils.formatdate(localtime = 1)
msg['Message-ID'] = Utils.make_msgid()
print msg.as_string()

这样这个邮件已经可以发送了。
解析传统邮件：编辑生成文件message.txt，作为邮件要解析的文本。编辑 trad_parse.py ,作为解析程序。迭代出邮件信息，检索出必要信息。
解析日期：从E-mail中解析出日期并不容易，header里有日期标示方法，实际Date header可能无效。尽管有python emai.Utils模块。 parsedate_tz（）函数会载入一个日期字符串，希望能返回10个元素的元组，元组9个元素可以传递给time.mktime()第10个指定时区，而mktime()不能接收，所以使用mktime_tz()函数，他可以转换这个特殊的第10元素。解析程序例子：data_parse.py

#!/usr/bin/env pythonTraditional Message Parsingdata_parse.py
import sys, email, time
from email import Utils
def getdate(msg):
"""Returns the date/time from msg in seconds-since-epoch, if possible.
Otherwise,returens None."""
if not 'date' in msg:
    #No Date header present.
    return None
  datehdr = msg['date'].strip()
  try :
  print Utils.mktime_tz(Utils.parsedate_tz(datehdr))
    return Utils.mktime_tz(Utils.parsedate_tz(datehdr))
  except:
    # Some sort of error occured, like ly because of an invalid date.
    return None

　　msg = email.message_from_file(sys.stdin)
　　dateval = getdate(msg)
　　if dateval is None:
　　print "No valid date was found."
　　else:
print "dateval:" , datevalMIME概念：MIME包含多个部分，常规邮件包含header和内容，当你使用MIME多部分邮件的时候，你可以包含如：邮件文字和附件。它可以用不同方式（例如,纯文本和HTML）。MIME支持不同传输编码，提供内容类型如：text/plainp_w_picpath/jpeg 可以指定字符集。
MIME是如何工作：按照一般约定，最基本内容（纯文本邮件，）会出现在最前面，这样没有MIME的程序也可以阅读，Python可以解析树来使用。
添加MIME附件：为了编写带有附件的邮件，通常来说，您需要下面几个步骤：1.建立一个MIMEMultipart()对象，设置邮件的header.2.为邮件内容部分建立一个MIMEText()对象，也把它放到MIMEMultipart()对象中。3.为每一个附件，建立一个合适MIME对象，也把它放到MIMEMultpart()对象中。4.调用MIMEMultipart()对象中的as_string()函数来得到作为结果的邮件。演示程序：mime_gen_basic.py

#!/usr/bin/env pythonMIME attachement generationmime_gen_basic.py
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEBase import MIMEBase
from email import Utils, Encoders
import mimetypes, sys
def p_w_upload(filename):
fd = open(filename,'rb')
mimetype, mimeencoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)
if mimeencoding or (mimetype is None):
    mimetype = 'application/octet-stream'
  maintype, subtype = mimetype.split('/')
  if maintype == 'text':
    retval = MIMEText(fd.read(),_subtype=subtype)
  else:
    retval = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype)
    retval.set_payload(fd.read())
    Encoders.encode_base64(retval)
  retval.add_header('Content-Disposition','p_w_upload',filename = filename)
  fd.close()
  return retval

　　message = ''' Hello,
　　This is a test message form Traditional Message!
　　-- Anonymous '''
　　msg = MIMEMultipart()
　　msg['To'] = 'recipient@example.com'
　　msg['From'] = 'Test Sender <sender@example.com>'
　　msg['Subject'] = 'Test Message ,'
　　msg['Date'] = Utils.formatdate(localtime = 1)
　　msg['Message-ID'] = Utils.make_msgid()
　　body = MIMEText(message,_subtype='plain')
　　msg.attach(body)
　　for filename in sys.argv[1:]:
　　msg.attach(p_w_upload(filename))
print msg.as_string()
SMTP发送邮件：Python是通过smtplib模块来实现SMTP的，smtplib模块可以使用SMTP的简单任务变得更容易。简单SMTP程序：smtp_simple.pySMTP发送带附件的邮件：mime_stmp.py

#!/usr/bin/env pythonMIME attachement generationmime_gen_basic.py
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEBase import MIMEBase
from email import Utils, Encoders
import mimetypes, sys
import smtplib
mail_server = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'
mail_server_port = 465
from_addr = 'test@x'
to_addr = 'x'
s=smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_server,mail_server_port)
def p_w_upload(filename):
fd = open(filename,'rb')
mimetype, mimeencoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)
if mimeencoding or (mimetype is None):
    mimetype = 'application/octet-stream'
  maintype, subtype = mimetype.split('/')
  if maintype == 'text':
    retval = MIMEText(fd.read(),_subtype=subtype)
  else:
    retval = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype)
    retval.set_payload(fd.read())
    Encoders.encode_base64(retval)
  retval.add_header('Content-Disposition','p_w_upload',filename = filename)
  fd.close()
  return retval

　　message = ''' Hello,
This is a test message form Traditional Message!POP3接收邮件：连接和认证一个远程服务器的过程：1.建立一个POP3对象，传给它远程服务器的主机名和端口号。2.调用user()和pass_()函数来发送用户名和密码。3.如果产生poplib.error_proto异常，登录就失败，服务器就会发送和异常有关的字符串和解释文字。4.一旦连接上，调用stat(),返回一个一个元组，其中包含了服务器邮箱中邮件的数量和邮件总大小。5.调用quit()关闭POP连接，代码如下：
一个简单连接： POP3_simple.py

#!/usr/bin/env pythonpop3_simple.py
import poplib
username='test@x'
password='x'
mail_server = 'xx'
p = poplib.POP3(mail_server)
p.user(username)
p.pass_(password)
status = p.stat()
print "Mailbox has %d messages for a total of %d bytes" %(status[0],status[1])
p.quit()for msg_id in p.list()[1]:print msg_idoutf = open ('%s.eml' % msg_id , 'w')outf.write('\n' .join(p.retr(msg_id)[1]))outf.close()p.quit()

取得邮箱信息： pop3_get.py

#!/usr/bin/env pythonpop3_get.py
import poplib
username='test@x'
password='x'
mail_server = 'pop.exmail.qq.com'
p = poplib.POP3(mail_server)
p.user(username)
p.pass_(password)
status = p.stat()
print "Mailbox has %d messages for a total of %d bytes" %(status[0],status[1])
for item in p.list()[1]:
print item
print item.split(' ')
number, octets = item.split(' ')
print "Message %s: %s bytes " %(number,octets)
p.quit()for msg_id in p.list()[1]:print msg_idoutf = open ('%s.eml' % msg_id , 'w')outf.write('\n' .join(p.retr(msg_id)[1]))outf.close()p.quit()

下载邮件：pop3_download.py

#!/usr/bin/env pythonpop3_download.py
import poplib
import getpass,sys,email
username='test@x'
password='x'
mail_server = 'pop.exmail.qq.com'
dest = "testmbox"destfd = open (dest,"at")
p = poplib.POP3(mail_server)
p.user(username)
p.pass_(password)
status = p.stat()
print "Mailbox has %d messages for a total of %d bytes" %(status[0],status[1])
for item in p.list()[1]:print itemprint item.split(' ')
number, octets = item.split(' ')
print "Message %s: %s bytes " %(number,octets)
# Retrieve the message (storing it in a list of lines)
lines = p.retr(number)[1]
print lines
print ""  75
#Create an e-mail object representing the message
msg = email.message_from_string("\n" .join(lines))
print msg
destfd = open('%s.eml'%number,"at")
#Write it out to the mailbox
destfd.write(msg.as_string(unixfrom=1))
# Make sure there's an extra newline separating messages
destfd.write("\n")
p.quit()
destfd.close()for msg_id in p.list()[1]:print msg_idoutf = open ('%s.eml' % msg_id , 'w')outf.write('\n' .join(p.retr(msg_id)[1]))outf.close()
#p.quit()

删除邮件：L