Java版AVG游戏开发入门[0]——游戏模式转换中的事件交互

江南才子

AVG，即Adventure Game，可以直译为[冒险游戏]。但是通常情况下我们说AVG是指[文字冒险游戏]，也有人更直白的解释成自己选择路线和结局的电子小说，与硬砍硬杀的RPG或者揉破键盘的ACT不同，AVG多以解谜或文字游戏等脑力攻关推动剧情发展。现在日本流行的ADV，可以看作是AVG英文全称的不同缩写方式，大体上讲，AVG == ADV。

由于商业化需要，现代主流的AVG往往是GalGame，也就是少女游戏，或称少女恋爱游戏，但GalGame != AVG，只是下属分支中的一环罢了，AVG包含GalGame，但GalGame并不能完全代表AVG/ADV。另外关于GalGame的详细介绍，在若木民喜《只有神才知道的世界》中演绎的相当生动，有兴趣的可以自己去看看~

就技术角度而言，AVG开发可以算得所有游戏类型中最容易的。一款简单AVG游戏的制作难度甚至在贪食蛇、俄罗斯方块之下。由于实现的简易性，导致AVG的开发重心往往着重于策划及美工，程序员的作用则微乎其微。同时也正因AVG开发的门坎约等于0，所以此类型的同人游戏之多即可堪称世界之冠。另外，AVG开发工具普及的也促进了AVG的量产化。利用工具，即始是小说作者、漫画家等非软件专业出身的人士，往往也能轻易制作出顶级的AVG大作。（顺便一提，目前我所见过最好的AVG制作工具是鬼子的livemaker，采用类似思维导图的方式构造整个游戏，很多轻小说作者乃至网络漫画家用它制作自己作品的宣传游戏。但就技术角度上说，livemaker的开发依旧没什么难度......）由于AVG的大泛滥，通常仅有文字、图片及语音的AVG往往无法满足用户需求（H除外-_-）。我们每每可在AVG游戏类型后发现个+号，比如《樱花大战》是AVG+SLG，《生化危机》是AVG+ACT。所以客观上说，AVG开发仅仅能进行字图的交互是不够的，还要解决多模块组件的协调问题。在Java桌面应用开发中,我们都知道绘图是极为简单的，有Image、Graphics两个对象就可以Paint一个图形，即使图形对象再多，最后它们也必须统一在一个Paint中，所以Java中不存在图像的交互问题。但问题在于，图像的显示可以统一，但是触发图像变化的事件却是很难统一的。比如现在有需求如下，在AVG模式中，触发键盘事件上、下、左、右时为控制画面的前进、后退，切换模式到SLG模　　式后，设定上、下、左、右是光标移动，那么如果我要在程序中实现，就必须记录当前模式，而后根据不同模式调用事件，再反馈到图形上。如果只有几个事件的区
别，我们当然可以很容易用分支来实现；问题是，随着游戏规模的加大，这些分支将成几何倍数增多，单纯的分支判定到最后只能忙于应付，落个费力不讨好。其实在这时，我们大可以使用一些技巧来轻松解决问题。　　示例如下：
首先，我们构造一个接口，命名为IControl，继承鼠标及键盘监听，并在其中设定两个抽象方法：
　　view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
/**
Copyright 2008 - 2009
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
the License at
*
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
the License.
* @project loonframework
@author chenpeng
@email：ceponline@yahoo.com.cn
* @version 0.1
*/
public interface IControl extends MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,
KeyListener {
public abstract void draw(final Graphics g);
public abstract IControl invoke();
}

package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
/**
  Copyright 2008 - 2009
  
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
  use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
  the License at
* 
  [url]http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0[/url]
  
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed . an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
  WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
  the License.
  
* @project loonframework
  @author chenpeng
  @email：[email]ceponline@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
* @version 0.1
*/
public interface IControl extends MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,

    KeyListener {
  public abstract void draw(final Graphics g);
  public abstract IControl invoke();

}
而后，再构造一个接口，命名为IAVG，同样继承鼠标及键盘监听，并在其中设定三个抽象方法，用以操作IControl接口：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
/**
Copyright 2008 - 2009
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
the License at
*
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
the License.
* @project loonframework
@author chenpeng
@email：ceponline@yahoo.com.cn
* @version 0.1
*/
public interface IAVG extends MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,
KeyListener {
public abstract void draw(final Graphics g);
public abstract IControl getControl();
public abstract void setControl(final IControl control);
}

package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
/**
  Copyright 2008 - 2009
  
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
  use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
  the License at
* 
  [url]http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0[/url]
  
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed . an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
  WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
  the License.
  
* @project loonframework
  @author chenpeng
  @email：[email]ceponline@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
* @version 0.1
*/
public interface IAVG extends MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,

    KeyListener {
  public abstract void draw(final Graphics g);
  public abstract IControl getControl();
  public abstract void setControl(final IControl control);

}

　　再后，制作一个显示图像用组件，命名为AVGCanva，继承自Canvas。

　　view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Canvas;
import java.awt.Graphics;
/
Copyright 2008 - 2009
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
the License at
*
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
the License.
* @project loonframework
@author chenpeng
@email：ceponline@yahoo.com.cn
* @version 0.1
*/
public class AVGCanvas extends Canvas {
/
/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1982278682597393958L;
private boolean start;
private IAVG avg;
public AVGCanvas(IAVG handler) {
this.avg = handler;
this.start = false;
this.addKeyListener(handler);
this.addMouseListener(handler);
this.addMouseMotionListener(handler);
}
public void update(Graphics g) {
paint(g);
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
if (this.start) {
this.avg.draw(g);
}
}
public void startPaint() {
this.start = true;
}
public void endPaint() {
this.start = false;
}
}

package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Canvas;
import java.awt.Graphics;
/**
  Copyright 2008 - 2009
  
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
  use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
  the License at
* 
  [url]http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0[/url]
  
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed . an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
  WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
  the License.
  
* @project loonframework
  @author chenpeng
  @email：[email]ceponline@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
* @version 0.1
*/
public class AVGCanvas extends Canvas {
/**
  
 /
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1982278682597393958L;
private boolean start;
private IAVG avg;
public AVGCanvas(IAVG handler) {

    this.avg = handler;
    this.start = false;
    this.addKeyListener(handler);
    this.addMouseListener(handler);
    this.addMouseMotionListener(handler);
  }
  
  public void update(Graphics g) {
    paint(g);
  }
  public void paint(Graphics g) {
    if (this.start) {
      this.avg.draw(g);
    }
  }
  public void startPaint() {
    this.start = true;
  }
  public void endPaint() {
    this.start = false;
  }

}
　　这段代码中的paint方法中并没有现成的方法，而是调用了IAVG接口的draw。紧接着，我们再设定一个AVGFrame用以加载AVGCanvas。

　　view plaincopy to clipboardprint?

package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
/
Copyright 2008 - 2009
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
the License at
*
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
the License.
* @project loonframework
@author chenpeng
@email：ceponline@yahoo.com.cn
* @version 0.1
*/
public class AVGFrame extends Frame implements Runnable {
/**
/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 198284399945549558L;
private IAVG avg;
private AVGCanvas canvas;
private boolean fps;
private String titleName;
private Thread mainLoop;
public AVGFrame(String titleName, int width, int height) {
this(new AVG(), titleName, width, height);
}
public AVGFrame(IAVG avg, String titleName, int width, int height) {
super(titleName);
Lib.WIDTH = width;
Lib.HEIGHT = height;
this.avg = avg;
this.titleName = titleName;
this.addKeyListener(avg);
this.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width + 5, height + 25));
this.initCanvas(Lib.WIDTH, Lib.HEIGHT);
this.pack();
this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
this.setResizable(false);
this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
this.setVisible(true);
}
public void run() {
gameLoop();
}
/**
开始循环窗体图像
*/
private synchronized void gameLoop() {
canvas.startPaint();
long second = 0L;
int moveCount = 0;
// 循环绘制
for (;;) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.paintScreen();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
long time = end - start;
long sleepTime = 20L - time;
if (sleepTime < 0L)
sleepTime = 0L;
try {
Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (this.fps) {
moveCount++;
second += System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
if (second >= 1000L) {
this.setTitle(new StringBuilder(titleName).append(" FPS:")
.append(moveCount).toString());
moveCount = 0;
second = 0L;
}
}
}
}
/**
启动游戏循环
*/
public void mainLoop() {
this.mainLoop = new Thread(this);
this.mainLoop.start();
}
/
初始化背景帆布
* @param width
@param height
/
private void initCanvas(final int width, final int height) {
canvas = new AVGCanvas(avg);
canvas.setBackground(Color.black);
canvas.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width, height));
this.add(canvas);
}
public IAVG getAVG() {
return this.avg;
}
protected void processWindowEvent(WindowEvent e) {
super.processWindowEvent(e);
}
public synchronized void paintScreen() {
canvas.repaint();
}
public boolean isShowFPS() {
return fps;
}
public void setShowFPS(boolean fps) {
this.fps = fps;
}
public Thread getMainLoop() {
return mainLoop;
}
public String getTitleName() {
return titleName;
}
}

package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
/**
  Copyright 2008 - 2009
  
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
  use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
  the License at
* 
  [url]http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0[/url]
  
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed . an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
  WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
  the License.
  
* @project loonframework
  @author chenpeng
  @email：[email]ceponline@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
* @version 0.1
*/
public class AVGFrame extends Frame implements Runnable {
/**
  
 /
private static final long serialVersionUID = 198284399945549558L;
private IAVG avg;
private AVGCanvas canvas;
private boolean fps;
private String titleName;
private Thread mainLoop;
public AVGFrame(String titleName, int width, int height) {

    this(new AVG(), titleName, width, height);
  }
  public AVGFrame(IAVG avg, String titleName, int width, int height) {
    super(titleName);
    Lib.WIDTH = width;
    Lib.HEIGHT = height;
    this.avg = avg;
    this.titleName = titleName;
    this.addKeyListener(avg);
    this.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width + 5, height + 25));
    this.initCanvas(Lib.WIDTH, Lib.HEIGHT);
    this.pack();
    this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
      public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
        System.exit(0);
      }
    });
    this.setResizable(false);
    this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
    this.setVisible(true);
  }
  public void run() {
    gameLoop();
  }
  /**
   * 开始循环窗体图像
   * 
   */
  private synchronized void gameLoop() {
    canvas.startPaint();
    long second = 0L;
    int moveCount = 0;
    // 循环绘制
    for (;;) {
      long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
      this.paintScreen();
      long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
      long time = end - start;
      long sleepTime = 20L - time;
      if (sleepTime &lt; 0L)
        sleepTime = 0L;
      try {
        Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      if (this.fps) {
        moveCount++;
        second += System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        if (second &gt;= 1000L) {
          this.setTitle(new StringBuilder(titleName).append(" FPS:")
              .append(moveCount).toString());
          moveCount = 0;
          second = 0L;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  /**
   * 启动游戏循环
   * 
   */
  public void mainLoop() {
    this.mainLoop = new Thread(this);
    this.mainLoop.start();
  }
  /**
   * 初始化背景帆布
   * 
   * @param width
   * @param height
   */
  private void initCanvas(final int width, final int height) {
    canvas = new AVGCanvas(avg);
    canvas.setBackground(Color.black);
    canvas.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width, height));
    this.add(canvas);
  }
  public IAVG getAVG() {
    return this.avg;
  }
  protected void processWindowEvent(WindowEvent e) {
    super.processWindowEvent(e);
  }
  public synchronized void paintScreen() {
    canvas.repaint();
  }
  public boolean isShowFPS() {
    return fps;
  }
  public void setShowFPS(boolean fps) {
    this.fps = fps;
  }
  public Thread getMainLoop() {
    return mainLoop;
  }
  public String getTitleName() {
    return titleName;
  }

}
　　我们可以看到，在本例鼠标键盘事件及图像绘制完全通过接口方式实现。此时，只要让不同组件统一实现IControl接口，便可以轻松转换事件及图像的绘制。也正是我们都再熟悉不过的MVC模式中，通过Event导致Controller改变Model及View的基本原理。
　　下一回，我们将具体讲解一个AVG游戏实现的基本流程。
示例代码界面如下图：

、

示例程序下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/source/×××73（源码在jar内）

Java版AVG游戏开发入门[0]——游戏模式转换中的事件交互

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